vivaldiAntipodal

Create an antipodal Vivaldi element

Description

The vivaldiAntipodal object creates an antipodal Vivaldi element. Antipodal Vivaldi come under the group of end-fire tapered slot antennas, and such antennas are expected to provide medium gain with less side lobes and wide bandwidth. These antennas are low cost, geometrically simple in shape, and mostly used in wireless communications and radar applications.

Creation

Syntax

ant = vivaldiAntipodal

ant = vivaldiAntipodal(Name,Value)

Description

ant = vivaldiAntipodal creates an antipodal Vivaldi object. By default, the antenna is centered at the origin and the dimension are chosen for an operating frequency of 3.22 GHz.

ant = vivaldiAntipodal(Name,Value) sets properties using one or more name-value pairs. For example, aviv = vivaldiAntipodal('BoardLength',0.2) creates a antipodal Vivaldi with a board length of 0.2 m.

Note

Properties you do not specify retain their default values.

Properties

BoardLength — Printed circuit board (PCB) length along X-axis

0.202 (default) | scalar

Length of the PCB, specified as a scalar in meter.

Example: 'BoardLength',2e-3

BoardWidth — Printed circuit board (PCB) length along Y-axis

0.12 (default) | scalar

Width of the PCB, specified as a scalar in meter.

Example: 'BoardWidth',2e-3

Height — Printed circuit board (PCB) length along Z-axis

0.000508 (default) | scalar

Height of the PCB, specified as a scalar in meter.

Example: 'Height',1e-6

OpeningRate — Taper opening rate

25 (default) | scalar

Opening rate of taper, specified as a scalar. This property determines the rate at which the notch transitions from the feedpoint to the aperture. Minimum value of OpeningRate is 1 and maximum value of is 80.

Example: 'OpeningRate',1.2

Data Types: double

InnerTaperLength — Inner taper length

0.187 (default) | scalar

Taper length at antenna's inner edge, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 'InnerTaperLength',2e-3

OuterTaperLength — Outer taper length

0.08 (default) | scalar

Taper length at antenna's outer edge, specified as a scalar in meter.

Example: 'OuterTaperLength',2e-3

ApertureWidth — Aperture width

0.084 (default) | scalar

Width of the aperture, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 'ApertureWidth',3e-3

StripLineWidth — Strip width

0.0011 (default) | scalar

Width of the strip used at feedpoint, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 'StripLineWidth',0.3

Data Types: double

GroundPlaneWidth — Ground plane width

0.05 (default) | scalar

Ground plane width, specified a scalar in meters. By default, ground plane width is measured along the Y-axis.

Example: 'GroundPlaneWidth',4

Data Types: double

Substrate — Type of dielectric material

[1x1 dielectric] (default) | dielectric object

Type of dielectric material used as a substrate, specified as an dielectric object. For more information, see dielectric. For more information on dielectric substrate meshing, see Meshing. By default, the dielectric is Rogers RO4003C with EpsilonR of 3.38, LossTangent of 0.0027, and Thickness of 0.000508

Example: ant= vivaldiAntipodal('Substrate',dielectric('Name','RO4003C','EpsilonR',3.38,'LossTangent',0.0027,'Thickness',0.6e-3))

Conductor — Type of metal material

'PEC' (default) | metal object

Type of the metal used as a conductor, specified as a metal material object. You can choose any metal from the MetalCatalog or specify a metal of your choice. For more information, see metal. For more information on metal conductor meshing, see Meshing.

Example: m = metal('Copper'); 'Conductor',m

Example: m = metal('Copper'); ant.Conductor = m

Tilt — Tilt angle of antenna

0 (default) | scalar | vector

Tilt angle of the antenna, specified as a scalar or vector with each element unit in degrees. For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: 'Tilt',90

Example: ant.Tilt = 90

Example: 'Tilt',[90 90],'TiltAxis',[0 1 0;0 1 1] tilts the antenna at 90 degrees about the two axes defined by the vectors.

Note

The wireStack antenna object only accepts the dot method to change its properties.

Data Types: double

TiltAxis — Tilt axis of antenna

[1 0 0] (default) | three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates | two three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates | 'X' | 'Y' | 'Z'

Tilt axis of the antenna, specified as:

• Three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates in meters. In this case, each coordinate in the vector starts at the origin and lies along the specified points on the X-, Y-, and Z-axes.

• Two points in space, each specified as three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the antenna rotates around the line joining the two points in space.

• A string input describing simple rotations around one of the principal axes, 'X', 'Y', or 'Z'.

For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: 'TiltAxis',[0 1 0]

Example: 'TiltAxis',[0 0 0;0 1 0]

Example: ant.TiltAxis = 'Z'

Note

The wireStack antenna object only accepts the dot method to change its properties.

Data Types: double

Load — Lumped elements

[1x1 lumpedElement] (default) | lumped element object handle

Lumped elements added to the antenna feed, specified as a lumped element object handle. You can add a load anywhere on the surface of the antenna. By default, the load is at the feed. For more information, see lumpedElement.

Example: 'Load',lumpedelement. lumpedelement is the object handle for the load created using lumpedElement.

Example: avi.Load = lumpedElement('Impedance',75)

Object Functions

show	Display antenna or array structure; display shape as filled patch
impedance	Input impedance of antenna; scan impedance of array
sparameters	S-parameter object
returnLoss	Return loss of antenna; scan return loss of array
vswr	Voltage standing wave ratio of antenna
optimize	Optimize antenna or array using SADEA optimizer
pattern	Radiation pattern and phase of antenna or array; Embedded pattern of antenna element in array
patternAzimuth	Azimuth pattern of antenna or array
patternElevation	Elevation pattern of antenna or array
axialRatio	Axial ratio of antenna
beamwidth	Beamwidth of antenna
charge	Charge distribution on metal or dielectric antenna or array surface
current	Current distribution on metal or dielectric antenna or array surface
efficiency	Radiation efficiency of antenna
EHfields	Electric and magnetic fields of antennas; Embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays
mesh	Mesh properties of metal or dielectric antenna or array structure
design	Design prototype antenna or arrays for resonance at specified frequency

Examples

Create and View Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna

Create an antipodal Vivaldi antenna object with the specified properties.

avi = vivaldiAntipodal("OpeningRate",30,'Substrate',dielectric('Name','RO4003C','EpsilonR',3.38,'LossTangent',0.0027,...
            'Thickness',0.508e-3))

avi = 
  vivaldiAntipodal with properties:

         BoardLength: 0.2020
          BoardWidth: 0.1200
              Height: 5.0800e-04
         OpeningRate: 30
      StripLineWidth: 0.0011
    OuterTaperLength: 0.0800
    InnerTaperLength: 0.1870
       ApertureWidth: 0.0840
    GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0500
           Substrate: [1x1 dielectric]
           Conductor: [1x1 metal]
                Tilt: 0
            TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]

View the antenna.

show(avi)

Radiation pattern of Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna

Plot the radiation pattern of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna at 3 GHz

avi=vivaldiAntipodal("OpeningRate",30,'Substrate',dielectric('Name','RO4003C','EpsilonR',3.38,'LossTangent',0.0027,...
'Thickness',0.508e-3))

avi = 
  vivaldiAntipodal with properties:

         BoardLength: 0.2020
          BoardWidth: 0.1200
              Height: 5.0800e-04
         OpeningRate: 30
      StripLineWidth: 0.0011
    OuterTaperLength: 0.0800
    InnerTaperLength: 0.1870
       ApertureWidth: 0.0840
    GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0500
           Substrate: [1x1 dielectric]
           Conductor: [1x1 metal]
                Tilt: 0
            TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]

pattern(avi,3e9)

References

[1] Balanis, C.A. Antenna Theory. Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.