nrCDLChannel
Model CDL MIMO channel
Description
The nrCDLChannel
System object™ models a clustered delay line (CDL) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
link-level fading channel. The object implements these aspects of TR 38.901 [1]:
Section 7.7.1: CDL models
Section 7.7.3: Scaling of delays
Section 7.7.5.1: Scaling of angles
Section 7.7.6: K-factor for LOS channel models
Section 7.6.10: Dual mobility (since R2023b)
The object enables CDL channel filtering by default. When CDL channel filtering is enabled, you can send an input signal through the channel to obtain the channel-impaired signal. The default object also returns the path gains of the fading process and sample times of the channel snapshots.
The object also enables you to obtain the OFDM
channel response and timing offset when you set the ChannelResponseOutput
property to 'ofdm-response'
. In this
case, the object takes a carrier input, in addition to the input signal, and returns the OFDM
channel response and timing offset instead of the path gains and sample times, as shown in
this figure. (since R2024b)
To obtain channel characteristics without sending a signal through the
channel, set the ChannelFiltering
property to false
.
For an overview of how the object properties configure CDL channel filtering and channel coefficients generation, see Internal Architecture of CDL Channel Model.
To use the CDL MIMO channel model:
Create the
nrCDLChannel
object and set its properties.Call the object with arguments, as if it were a function.
To learn more about how System objects work, see What Are System Objects?
Creation
Syntax
Description
creates a CDL MIMO
channel System object.cdl
= nrCDLChannel
creates the object with properties set by
using one or more name-value arguments. For example,
cdl
= nrCDLChannel(Name=Value
)DelayProfile='CDL-D'
creates the channel object with CDL-D delay
profile.
creates the object with customized channel characteristics that are initialized from the
predefined delay profile, cdl
= nrCDLChannel(DelayProfile='Custom',InitialDelayProfile=profile
,DelaySpread=spread
,KFactor=K
)profile
. Specify the
profile
input as 'CDL-A'
,
'CDL-B'
, 'CDL-C'
, 'CDL-D'
, or
'CDL-E'
. (since R2023b)
When you use this syntax:
The
DelayProfile
object property is set to'Custom'
and theAnglesAoD
,AnglesAoA
,AnglesZoD
,AnglesZoA
,HasLOSCluster
,KFactorFirstCluster
,AngleSpreads
, andXPR
object properties are set to values that are defined for the specified predefined delay profile in TR 38.901 Tables 7.7.1-1 to 7.7.1-5 [1].The values in the
PathDelays
andAveragePathGains
properties are scaled from the initial table values to obtain the desired channel delay spread, specified byspread
in seconds, and K-factor, specified byK
in dB, respectively. Specify the optionalspread
andK
inputs as a numeric scalar. Thespread
input defaults to30e-9
when not specified. TheK
input defaults to the K-factor values in TR 38.901 Tables 7.7.1-4 to 7.7.1-5 (no K-factor scaling). TheK
input applies only when theprofile
input is set to'CDL-D'
or'CDL-E'
.
Properties
Unless otherwise indicated, properties are nontunable, which means you cannot change their
values after calling the object. Objects lock when you call them, and the
release
function unlocks them.
If a property is tunable, you can change its value at any time.
For more information on changing property values, see System Design in MATLAB Using System Objects.
Delay Profile Selection
The delay profile selection determines which delay profile configuration properties are applicable to the channel.
DelayProfile
— CDL delay profile
'CDL-A'
(default) | 'CDL-B'
| 'CDL-C'
| 'CDL-D'
| 'CDL-E'
| 'Custom'
CDL delay profile from TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1, Tables 7.7.1-1 to 7.7.1-5, specified as one of these options:
'CDL-A'
,'CDL-B'
,'CDL-C'
,'CDL-D'
,'CDL-E'
— To configure channel parameters that are specific to these predefined delay profiles, see the Predefined Delay Profile section.'Custom'
— To configure channel parameters that are specific to custom delay profiles, see the Custom Delay Profile section.
Data Types: char
| string
Predefined Delay Profile
These properties configure channel parameters that are specific to predefined channel
profiles, that is, when you set the DelayProfile
to
'CDL-A'
, 'CDL-B'
, 'CDL-C'
,
'CDL-D'
, or 'CDL-E'
.
DelaySpread
— Desired RMS delay spread in seconds
3.000e-8
(default) | nonnegative real number
Desired RMS delay spread in seconds, specified as a nonnegative real number. For
examples of desired RMS delay spreads,
DSdesired
, see TR 38.901 Section
7.7.3 and Tables 7.7.3-1 and 7.7.3-2. The default value is 30 nanoseconds.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'CDL-A'
,
'CDL-B'
, 'CDL-C'
, 'CDL-D'
,
or 'CDL-E'
. This property does not apply for custom delay
profiles.
Data Types: double
KFactorScaling
— K-factor scaling
false
(default) | true
K-factor scaling, specified as false
or
true
. When set to true
, the KFactor
property specifies the desired K-factor and the object applies
K-factor scaling as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.6.
Note
K-factor scaling modifies both the path delays and the path powers.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'CDL-D'
or
'CDL-E'
.
Data Types: double
KFactor
— Desired K-factor for scaling
9.0
(default) | numeric scalar
Desired K-factor for scaling in dB, specified as a numeric scalar. For typical K-factor values, see TR 38.901 Section 7.7.6 and Table 7.5-6.
Note
K-factor scaling modifies both the path delays and path powers.
K-factor
applies to the overall delay profile. Specifically, the K-factor before the scaling isKmodel
, as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.6.Kmodel
is the ratio of the power of the first path LOS to the total power of all the Laplacian clusters, including the Laplacian part of the first cluster.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set KFactorScaling
to true
.
Data Types: double
AngleScaling
— Apply scaling of angles
false
(default) | true
Apply scaling of angles, specified as false
or
true
according to TR 38.901 Section 7.7.5.1. When set to
true
, the AngleSpreads
and MeanAngles
properties define the scaling of angles.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'CDL-A'
,
'CDL-B'
, 'CDL-C'
, 'CDL-D'
,
or 'CDL-E'
. This property does not apply for custom delay
profiles.
Data Types: logical
MeanAngles
— Scaled mean angles in degrees
[0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0]
(default) | four-element row vector
Scaled mean angles in degrees, specified as a four-element row vector of the form [AoD AoA ZoD ZoA].
AoD is the mean azimuth of departure angles after scaling.
AoA is the mean azimuth of arrival angles after scaling.
ZoD is the mean zenith of departure angles after scaling.
ZoA is the mean zenith of arrival angles after scaling.
Use this vector to specify the desired mean angles of the channel used for angle scaling (), as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.5.1.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set AngleScaling
to true
.
Data Types: double
Custom Delay Profile
These properties configure channel parameters that are specific to custom delay
profiles, that is, when you set the DelayProfile
to
'Custom'
.
PathDelays
— Discrete path delays in seconds
0.0
(default) | numeric scalar | row vector
Discrete path delays in seconds, specified as a numeric scalar or row vector.
AveragePathGains
and PathDelays
must have the same
size.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
AveragePathGains
— Average path gains in dB
0.0
(default) | numeric scalar | row vector
Average path gains in dB, also referred to as cluster powers in TR 38.901,
specified as a numeric scalar or row vector. AveragePathGains
and
PathDelays
must have the same size.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
AnglesAoA
— Azimuth of arrival angle in degrees
0.0
(default) | numeric scalar | row vector
Azimuth of arrival angle in degrees, specified as a numeric scalar or row vector. The vector elements specify the angles for each cluster.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
AnglesAoD
— Azimuth of departure angle in degrees
0.0
(default) | numeric scalar | row vector
Azimuth of departure angle in degrees, specified as a numeric scalar or row vector. The vector elements specify the angles for each cluster.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
AnglesZoA
— Zenith of arrival angle in degrees
0.0
(default) | numeric scalar | row vector
Zenith of arrival angle in degrees, specified as a numeric scalar or row vector. The vector elements specify the angles for each cluster.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
AnglesZoD
— Zenith of departure angle in degrees
0.0
(default) | numeric scalar | row vector
Zenith of departure angle in degrees, specified as a numeric scalar or row vector. The vector elements specify the angles for each cluster.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
HasLOSCluster
— Line of sight cluster of the delay profile
false
(default) | true
Line of sight (LOS) cluster of the delay profile, specified as
false
or true
. The PathDelays
,
AveragePathGains
, AnglesAoA
,
AnglesAoD
,
AnglesZoA
,
and AnglesZoD
properties define the delay profile. To enable the LOS cluster of the delay profile,
set HasLOSCluster
to true
.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: logical
KFactorFirstCluster
— K-factor in first cluster of delay profile in dB
13.3
(default) | numeric scalar
K-factor in the first cluster of the delay profile in dB, specified as a numeric scalar. The default value corresponds to the K-factor in the first cluster of CDL-D as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1, Table 7.7.1-4.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
and HasLOSCluster
to true
.
Data Types: double
AngleSpreads
— Scaled or cluster-wise RMS angle spreads in degrees
[5.0 11.0 3.0 3.0]
(default) | four-element row vector
Scaled or cluster-wise root mean square (RMS) angle spreads in degrees, specified as a four-element row vector in one of these forms:
[ASD ASA ZSD ZSA] — Use this vector to specify the desired RMS angle spreads of the channel, as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.5.1 (ASdesired), where:
ASD is the RMS azimuth spread of departure angles.
ASA is the RMS azimuth spread of arrival angles.
ZSD is the RMS zenith spread of departure angles.
ZSA is the RMS zenith spread of arrival angles.
To use this form, set
AngleScaling
totrue
andDelayProfile
to'CDL-A'
,'CDL-B'
,'CDL-C'
,'CDL-D'
, or'CDL-E'
.[CASD CASA CZSD CZSA] — Use this vector to specify cluster-wise RMS angle spreads for scaling ray offset angles within a cluster, as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1, Step1, where:
CASD is the cluster-wise RMS azimuth spread of departure angles.
CASA is the cluster-wise RMS azimuth spread of arrival angles.
CZSD is the cluster-wise RMS zenith spread of departure angles.
CZSA is the cluster-wise RMS zenith spread of arrival angles.
To use this form, set
DelayProfile
to'Custom'
. Based on TR 38.901 Section 7.7.5.1, the object does not perform angle scaling in this case.
The default value corresponds to the default cluster-wise angle spreads of CDL-A as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1 Table 7.7.1-1.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
or AngleScaling
to true
.
Data Types: double
RayCoupling
— Coupling of departure and arrival rays within a cluster
'Random'
(default) | N-by-M-by-3 numeric array
Coupling of departure and arrival rays within a cluster for azimuth and zenith, specified as one of these values:
'Random'
— The object randomly couples the rays, as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.5 Step 8, using the random number stream specified by theRandomStream
property.N-by-M-by-3 numeric array — Use this array to explicitly define the ray coupling. N is the number of clusters, equal to the number of path delays, specified by the
PathDelays
property. M is the number of rays per cluster, equal to 20. The three N-by-M planes, in the third dimension, correspond to the AoD/AoA, ZoD/ZoA, and AoD/ZoD ray couplings, respectively. Each row in each N-by-M plane specifies the ray coupling within the corresponding cluster by using a permutation of ray indices from 1 to M.Note
N is the number of clusters before any splitting into subclusters (see the
NumStrongestClusters
property).N does not count the LOS cluster that is specified by the
HasLOSCluster
property.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
| char
| string
XPR
— Cross-polarization power ratio in dB
10.0
(default) | numeric scalar | N-by-M numeric matrix
Cross-polarization power ratio in dB, specified as a numeric scalar or an
N-by-M numeric matrix. N is
the number of clusters, equal to the number of path delays, specified by the PathDelays
property. M is the number of rays per cluster, equal to 20. The
default value corresponds to the cluster-wise cross-polarization power ratio of CDL-A,
as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1, Table 7.7.1-1.
Note
N is the number of clusters before any splitting into subclusters (see the
NumStrongestClusters
property).N does not count the LOS cluster that is specified by the
HasLOSCluster
property.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
InitialPhases
— Initial phases in degrees
'Random'
(default) | N-by-M-by-4 numeric array
Initial phases of all rays for the four polarization combinations in degrees, specified as one of these values:
'Random'
— The object draws uniformly distributed random phases, as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.5 Step 10, using the random number stream specified by theRandomStream
property.N-by-M-by-4 numeric array — Use this option to explicitly define the initial phases. N is the number of clusters, equal to the number of path delays, specified by the
PathDelays
property. M is the number of rays per cluster, equal to 20. The four N-by-M planes, in the third dimension, correspond to the θ/θ, θ/ϕ, ϕ/θ, ϕ/ϕ polarization combinations, respectively.Note
N is the number of clusters before any splitting into subclusters (see the
NumStrongestClusters
property).N does not count the LOS cluster that is specified by the
HasLOSCluster
property.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
| char
| string
NumStrongestClusters
— Number of strongest clusters to split into subclusters
0
(default) | nonnegative integer
Number of strongest clusters to split into subclusters, specified as a nonnegative integer. See TR 38.901 Section 7.5, Step 11.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
.
Data Types: double
ClusterDelaySpread
— Cluster delay spread in seconds
3.90625e-9
(default) | nonnegative real number
Cluster delay spread in seconds, specified as a nonnegative real number. Use this property to specify the delay offset between subclusters for clusters split into subclusters. See TR 38.901 Section 7.5, Step 11.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
and NumStrongestClusters
to a value greater than zero.
Data Types: double
Antenna Array
These properties configure geometric aspects of the channel.
TransmitAntennaArray
— Transmit antenna array characteristics
structure (default) | phased array
Transmit antenna array characteristics, specified as a structure or a phased array (requires Phased Array System Toolbox™).
Phased arrays enable you to
specify different antenna array configurations, including predefined and custom antenna
elements. You can design custom antenna elements by using Phased Array System Toolbox or Antenna Toolbox™ features. To specify custom antenna elements in a 5G rectangular multipanel array,
as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.3, use the phased.NRRectangularPanelArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) object. For an overview of phased arrays, see Array Geometries and Analysis (Phased Array System Toolbox).
When specified as a structure, this property contains these fields:
Parameter Field | Values | Description |
---|---|---|
Size |
row vector |
Size of antenna array [M N P Mg Ng], where:
The For example, this figure shows how the object maps the
input signal |
ElementSpacing |
row vector |
Element spacing, in wavelengths, specified as a row vector of the form [λv λh dgv dgh]. The vector elements represent the vertical and horizontal element spacing and the vertical and horizontal panel spacing, respectively. The panel spacing is measured from the center of the panels. |
PolarizationAngles |
row vector |
Polarization angles in degrees, specified as a row vector of the form [θ ρ]. |
Orientation (to be
removed) |
column vector |
Note This field will be removed in a future release. Use the Mechanical orientation of the array, in degrees, specified as a column vector of the form [α; β; γ]. The vector elements specify the bearing, downtilt, and slant, respectively. The default value indicates that the broadside direction of the array points to the positive x-axis. |
Element |
|
Antenna element radiation pattern as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.3. (Note that TR 38.901 supersedes TR 38.900.) |
PolarizationModel |
|
Model that determines the radiation field patterns based on a defined radiation power pattern. For more information, see TR 38.901 Section 7.3.2. |
TransmitArrayOrientation
— Mechanical orientation of transmit antenna array
[0; 0; 0]
(default) | three-element numeric column vector
Mechanical orientation of the transmit antenna array, specified as a three-element
numeric column vector of the form [α; β;
γ]. The vector elements specify the bearing, downtilt, and slant
rotation angles in degrees, respectively, as specified in TR 38.901 Section 7.1.3. The
object applies these rotation angles relative to the default array orientation in the
local coordinate system. The default array orientation, corresponding to the value
[0; 0; 0]
, depends on the TransmitAntennaArray
property.
If you specify the
TransmitAntennaArray
property as a structure (default), in the default array orientation, the broadside direction points to the positive x-axis.If you specify the
TransmitAntennaArray
property as a phased array (requires Phased Array System Toolbox), you can configure the default array orientation by setting the relevant array properties of the specified phased array object.
To visualize and evaluate the resulting array orientation, call the
displayChannel
function on
the nrCDLChannel
channel model.
For an example of orienting transmit and receive antennas toward each other, see Orient Transmit and Receive Antennas Using LOS Path Angles.
Data Types: double
ReceiveAntennaArray
— Receive antenna array characteristics
structure (default) | phased array
Receive antenna array characteristics, specified as a structure or a phased array (requires Phased Array System Toolbox).
Phased arrays enable you to
specify different antenna array configurations, including predefined and custom antenna
elements. You can design custom antenna elements by using Phased Array System Toolbox or Antenna Toolbox features. To specify custom antenna elements in a 5G rectangular multipanel array,
as defined in TR 38.901 Section 7.3, use the phased.NRRectangularPanelArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) object. For an overview of phased arrays, see Array Geometries and Analysis (Phased Array System Toolbox).
When specified as a structure, this property contains these fields:
Parameter Field | Values | Description |
---|---|---|
Size |
row vector |
Size of antenna array [M N P Mg Ng], where:
The For example, this figure shows how the object maps an
antenna array of size |
ElementSpacing |
row vector |
Element spacing, in wavelengths, specified as a row vector of the form [λv λh dgv dgh]. The vector elements represent the vertical and horizontal element spacing and the vertical and horizontal panel spacing, respectively. The panel spacing is measured from the center of the panels. |
PolarizationAngles |
row vector |
Polarization angles in degrees, specified as a row vector of the form [θ ρ]. |
Orientation (to be
removed) |
column vector |
Note This field will be removed in a future release. Use the Mechanical orientation of the array, in degrees, specified as a column vector of the form [α; β; γ]. The vector elements specify the bearing, downtilt, and slant, respectively. The default value indicates that the broadside direction of the array points to the positive x-axis. |
Element |
|
Antenna element radiation pattern as described in TR 38.901 Section 7.3. (Note that TR 38.901 supersedes TR 38.900.) |
PolarizationModel |
|
Model that determines the radiation field patterns based on a defined radiation power pattern. For more information, see TR 38.901 Section 7.3.2. |
ReceiveArrayOrientation
— Mechanical orientation of receive antenna array
[0; 0; 0]
(default) | three-element numeric column vector
Mechanical orientation of the receive antenna array, specified as a three-element
numeric column vector of the form [α; β;
γ]. The vector elements specify the bearing, downtilt, and slant
rotation angles in degrees, respectively, as specified in TR 38.901 Section 7.1.3. The
object applies these rotation angles relative to the default array orientation in the
local coordinate system. The default array orientation, corresponding to the value
[0; 0; 0]
, depends on the ReceiveAntennaArray
property.
If you specify the
ReceiveAntennaArray
property as a structure (default), in the default array orientation, the broadside direction points to the positive x-axis.If you specify the
ReceiveAntennaArray
property as a phased array (requires Phased Array System Toolbox), you can configure the default array orientation by setting the relevant array properties of the specified phased array object.
To visualize and evaluate the resulting array orientation, call the
displayChannel
function on
the nrCDLChannel
channel model.
For an example of orienting transmit and receive antennas toward each other, see Orient Transmit and Receive Antennas Using LOS Path Angles.
Data Types: double
CarrierFrequency
— Carrier frequency in Hz
4.0000e+09
(default) | nonnegative real number
Carrier frequency in Hz, specified as a nonnegative real number.
Data Types: double
Mobility
These properties configure how the transmitter or receiver move.
MaximumDopplerShift
— Maximum Doppler shift in Hz
5
(default) | nonnegative real number | 1-by-2 vector of nonnegative real numbers
Maximum Doppler shift in Hz, specified as one of these values:
Nonnegative real number — This value specifies the maximum Doppler shift of the receiver. If the
UTDirectionOfTravel
property is specified as a 2-by-2 matrix, this value specifies the maximum Doppler shift of the receiver as well as the transmitter.1-by-2 vector of nonnegative real numbers of the form [Rx Tx] — Rx and Tx specify the maximum Doppler shift of the receiver and transmitter, respectively. (since R2023b)
This property applies to all channel paths. When the maximum Doppler
shift is set to 0, the channel remains static for the entire input. To generate a new
channel realization, reset the object by calling the reset
function.
Data Types: double
UTDirectionOfTravel
— User terminal direction of travel in degrees
[0; 90]
(default) | 2-by-1 vector of real numbers | 2-by-2 matrix of real numbers
User terminal (or user equipment) direction of travel in degrees, specified as one of these values:
2-by-1 vector of real numbers of the form [RxA; RxZ] — RxA and RxZ specify the azimuth and zenith of the direction of travel of the receiver UE, respectively. If the
MaximumDopplerShift
property is specified as a 1-by-2 vector, RxA and RxZ specify the azimuth and zenith of the direction of travel of the receiver UE as well as the transmitter UE, respectively.2-by-2 matrix of real numbers of the form [RxA, TxA; RxZ, TxZ] — RxA and RxZ specify the azimuth and zenith of the direction of travel of the receiver UE, respectively. TxA and TxZ specify the azimuth and zenith of the direction of travel of the transmitter UE, respectively. (since R2023b)
Data Types: double
MovingScattererProportion
— Proportion of moving scatterers
0.2
(default) | real number in the range [0, 1]
Since R2023b
Proportion of the moving scatterers in the channel, specified as a real number in
the range [0, 1]. Setting this property to 0
specifies that none of
the scatterers are moving. Setting this property to 1
specifies
that every scatterer is moving. The object selects the moving scatterers randomly
based on the RandomStream
property setting. This property applies only to
dual-mobility configurations.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set the MaximumDopplerShift
property to a 1-by-2 vector or the UTDirectionOfTravel
property to a 2-by-2 matrix.
Data Types: double
MaximumScattererSpeed
— Maximum speed of moving scatterers
5
(default) | nonnegative real number
Since R2023b
Maximum speed of the moving scatterers in the channel in m/s, specified as a nonnegative real number. This property applies only to dual-mobility configurations.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set the MaximumDopplerShift
property to a 1-by-2 vector or the UTDirectionOfTravel
property to a 2-by-2 matrix.
Data Types: double
Channel Control
These properties configure implementation-specific parameters of the channel that are not defined by TR 38.901. For example, you can enable or disable channel filtering, set the data type and the number of samples of the filtered signal, and set control parameters for the path gain generation.
SampleRate
— Sample rate of input signal in Hz
30720000
(default) | positive numeric scalar
Sample rate of the input signal in Hz, specified as a positive numeric scalar.
Data Types: double
InitialTime
— Time offset of fading process in seconds
0.0
(default) | nonnegative real number
Time offset of fading process in seconds, specified as a nonnegative real number.
Tunable: Yes
Data Types: double
SampleDensity
— Number of time samples per half wavelength
64
(default) | Inf
| positive real number
Number of time samples per half wavelength, specified as Inf
or
a positive real number. The SampleDensity
and MaximumDopplerShift
properties control the coefficient generation
sampling rate, Fcg, given by
Fcg =
(sum
(MaximumDopplerShift
) + (2 ×
(MaximumScattererSpeed
/lambda0)))
× 2 × SampleDensity
, where
lambda0 is the carrier wavelength.
Setting SampleDensity
to Inf
assigns
Fcg the value of the SampleRate
property.
For an example of how sample density affects the channel output and path gains, see Effect of SampleDensity Property in CDL Channel Output.
Data Types: double
RandomStream
— Source of random number stream
'mt19937ar with seed'
(default) | 'Global stream'
Source of the random number stream to initialize the ray phases and coupling using uniformly distributed random numbers, specified as one of these values:
'mt19937ar with seed'
— The object uses the mt19937ar algorithm for the random number generation. Calling thereset
function resets the filters and reinitializes the random number stream to the value of theSeed
property. Specifying this value results in repeatable channel fading.'Global stream'
— The object uses the current global random number stream for the random number generation. Calling thereset
function resets only the filters.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set the RayCoupling
or InitialPhases
properties to 'Random'
or configure
the object with dual-mobility. To configure dual-mobility, set the MaximumDopplerShift
property to a 1-by-2 vector or the UTDirectionOfTravel
property to a 2-by-2 matrix.
Seed
— Initial seed of mt19937ar random number stream
73
(default) | nonnegative numeric scalar
Initial seed of mt19937ar random number stream, specified as a nonnegative numeric scalar.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set RandomStream to 'mt19937ar with seed'
. When calling
the reset
function, the seed
reinitializes the mt19937ar random number stream.
Data Types: double
NormalizeChannelOutputs
— Normalize channel outputs
true
(default) | false
Normalize channel outputs, specified as true
or
false
. When this property is set to true
, the
channel output signal is divided by the square root of the number of receive antennas.
The normalization is by NR, where
NR is the
number of receive antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
ReceiveAntennaArray
property as a phased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) or phased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of
NR, check the NumOutputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)
Note
When you call the swapTransmitAndReceive
function to reverse the role of the transmit
and receive antennas within the channel, the function also swaps these output
structure fields of the
function call:info
(cdl
)
NumTransmitAntennas
andNumReceiveAntennas
NumInputSignals
andNumOutputSignals
Therefore, the normalization is always by NR.
Data Types: logical
NormalizePathGains
— Normalized channel fading process
true
(default) | false
Normalized channel fading process, specified as true
or
false
. When this property is set to true
, the
amplitude of the channel fading process is normalized by the average path gains (also
referred to as cluster powers in TR 38.901). This normalization does not include other
channel gains, for example, polarization and antenna element directivity. When this
property is set to false
, the channel fading process is not
normalized. The DelayProfile
property determines the average path gains, based on TR
38.901 Section 7.7.1, Tables 7.7.1-1 to 7.7.1-5. When you set DelayProfile
to 'Custom'
, you can specify the average
path gains with the AveragePathGains
property.
Data Types: logical
ChannelResponseOutput
— Channel response output
'path-gains'
(default) | 'ofdm-response'
Since R2024b
Channel response output, specified as one of these options:
'path-gains'
— The object returns the path gains and sample times, as shown in this figure. When channel filtering is enabled, the object also returns the filtered output signal. Alternatively, to configure the channel to return only the path gains and sample times, set theChannelFiltering
property tofalse
to disable channel filtering.'ofdm-response'
— The object returns the OFDM channel response and timing offset when you call the object with a carrier input, as shown in this figure. When channel filtering is enabled, the object also returns the filtered output signal. Alternatively, to configure the channel to return only the OFDM channel response and timing offset, set theChannelFiltering
property tofalse
to disable channel filtering.
Data Types: string
| char
ChannelFiltering
— Fading channel filtering
true
(default) | false
Fading channel filtering, specified as one of these options:
true
— Enable channel filtering. The object takes an input signal to filter through the channel.false
— Disable channel filtering. The object takes no input signal and returns only the OFDM channel response and timing offset (since R2024b) or the path gains and sample times, depending on theChannelResponseOutput
property.When you disable channel filtering, these conditions apply:
The
NumTimeSamples
property controls the duration of the fading process realization at a sample rate given by theSampleRate
property.The
OutputDataType
property specifies the data type of the generated channel response output (OFDM channel response or path gains).
For an overview of how this property affects the internal architecture of the channel, see Internal Architecture of CDL Channel Model.
For a use case of disabling channel filtering, see the Calculate OFDM Channel Response of CDL Channel example.
Data Types: logical
NumTimeSamples
— Number of time samples
30720
(default) | positive integer
Number of time samples, specified as a positive integer. When channel filtering is disabled, you can use this property to set the duration of the fading process realization.
When you call the object with the carrier
input, carrier
, set the NumTimeSamples
property to a value that is at least the number of samples in a slot. You can
calculate the number of samples in a slot from the output structure of
nrOFDMInfo(carrier)
. (since R2024b)
Tunable: Yes
Dependencies
To enable this property, set ChannelFiltering
to false
.
Data Types: double
OutputDataType
— Data type of channel response output
'double'
(default) | 'single'
Data type of the generated channel response output, specified as
'double'
or 'single'
. When channel filtering
is disabled, use this property to specify the data type of the OFDM channel response (since R2024b) or path gains, depending on the ChannelResponseOutput
property.
Dependencies
To enable this property, set ChannelFiltering
to false
.
Read-Only Properties
TransmitAndReceiveSwapped
— Reversed channel link direction
false
(default) | true
This property is read-only.
Reversed channel link direction, returned as one of these values:
false
— The role of the transmit and receive antennas within the channel model corresponds to the original channel link direction. Calling theswapTransmitAndReceive
function on thenrCDLChannel
object reverses the link direction of the channel and toggles this property value fromfalse
totrue
.true
— The role of the transmit and receive antennas within the channel model are swapped. Calling theswapTransmitAndReceive
function on thenrCDLChannel
object restores the original link direction of the channel and toggles this property value fromtrue
tofalse
.
Data Types: logical
Usage
Syntax
Description
Channel Filtering
OFDM Channel Response and Timing Offset
Since R2024b
To use these syntaxes, set the ChannelResponseOutput
property to 'ofdm-response'
.
[
applies OFDM demodulation to the channel impulse response based on the specified
carrier, signalOut
,ofdmResponse
] = cdl(signalIn
,carrier
)carrier
, and returns the OFDM channel response, in
addition to the channel-impaired signal. This output shows how the channel affects each
resource element of an OFDM signal.
[
also returns the timing offset of the strongest path in the channel impulse response.
The channel impulse response is averaged across all channel snapshots and summed across
all transmit and receive antennas.signalOut
,ofdmResponse
,timingOffset
] = cdl(signalIn
,carrier
)
[
returns only the OFDM channel response and timing offset without filtering an input
signal. The ofdmResponse
,timingOffset
] = cdl(carrier
)cdl
object and the carrier
input act
as a source for the calculation of the OFDM channel response and timing offset. To use
this syntax, you must also set the ChannelFiltering
property to false
.
Path Gains and Sample Times
To use these syntaxes, set the ChannelResponseOutput
property to
'path-gains'
(since R2024b).
[
also returns the sample times of the channel snapshots of signalOut
,pathGains
,sampleTimes
] = cdl(signalIn
)pathGains
(first-dimension elements).
[
returns only the path gains and sample times without filtering an input signal. The
pathGains
,sampleTimes
] = cdl()cdl
object acts as a source for the calculation of the path gains
and sample times. To use this syntax, you must also set the ChannelFiltering
property to false
.
Input Arguments
signalIn
— Input signal
complex scalar | column vector | NS-by-NT
matrix
Input signal, specified as a complex scalar, column vector, or NS-by-NT matrix, where:
NS is the number of samples.
NT is the number of transmit antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
TransmitAntennaArray
property as aphased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) orphased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of NT, check theNumInputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
carrier
— Carrier configuration parameters
nrCarrierConfig
object
Since R2024b
Carrier configuration parameters for a specific OFDM numerology, specified as an
nrCarrierConfig
object.
Before you call the channel with this input:
Set the
SampleRate
channel property to the sample rate derived from the carrier. You can obtain this value from theSampleRate
field of the output structure ofnrOFDMInfo(carrier)
.When channel filtering is disabled, set the
NumTimeSamples
object property to a value that is at least the number of samples in a slot. You can calculate the number of samples in a slot from the output structure ofnrOFDMInfo(carrier)
.
Output Arguments
signalOut
— Output signal
complex scalar | vector | NS-by-NR
matrix
Output signal, returned as a complex scalar, vector, or NS-by-NR matrix, where:
NS is the number of samples.
NR is the number of receive antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
ReceiveAntennaArray
property as aphased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) orphased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of NR, check theNumOutputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)
The output signal data type is of the same precision as the input signal data type.
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
ofdmResponse
— OFDM channel response
K-by-N-by-NR-by-NT
real-valued array
Since R2024b
OFDM channel response, returned as a K-by-N-by-NR-by-NT real-valued array, where:
K is the number of subcarriers.
N is the number of OFDM symbols.
NR is the number of receive antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
ReceiveAntennaArray
property as aphased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) orphased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of NR, check theNumOutputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)NT is the number of transmit antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
TransmitAntennaArray
property as aphased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) orphased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of NT, check theNumInputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)
To obtain the OFDM channel response, the object applies OFDM demodulation to the
channel impulse response based on the specified carrier, carrier
.
This output shows how the channel affects each resource element of an OFDM
signal.
The OFDM channel response data type is of the same precision as the input signal
data type. When channel filtering is disabled, use the OutputDataType
property to specify the data type of this output.
Data Types: single
| double
timingOffset
— Timing offset of strongest path in channel impulse response
nonnegative integer
Since R2024b
Timing offset of the strongest path in the channel impulse response, in samples, returned as a nonnegative integer. The channel impulse response is averaged across all channel snapshots and summed across all transmit and receive antennas.
Data Types: double
pathGains
— MIMO channel path gains of fading process
NCS-by-NP-by-NT-by-NR
complex array
MIMO channel path gains of the fading process, returned as an NCS-by-NP-by-NT-by-NR complex array, where:
NCS is the number of channel snapshots, controlled by the
SampleDensity
property ofcdl
.NP is the number of paths, specified by the size of the
PathDelays
property ofcdl
.NT is the number of transmit antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
TransmitAntennaArray
property as aphased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) orphased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of NT, check theNumInputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)NR is the number of receive antenna elements or the number of antenna subarrays (only when you specify the
ReceiveAntennaArray
property as aphased.ReplicatedSubarray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) orphased.PartitionedArray
(Phased Array System Toolbox) phased array object). To determine the value of NR, check theNumOutputSignals
structure field in the output of the
object function call.info
(cdl
)
The path gains data type is of the same precision as the input signal data type.
When channel filtering is disabled, use the OutputDataType
property to specify the data type of this output.
Data Types: single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
sampleTimes
— Sample times of channel snapshots
NCS-by-1 column vector
Sample times of channel snapshots, returned as an
NCS-by-1 column vector, where
NCS is the number of channel snapshots
controlled by the SampleDensity
property.
Data Types: double
Object Functions
To use an object function, specify the
System object as the first input argument. For
example, to release system resources of a System object named obj
, use
this syntax:
release(obj)
Specific to nrCDLChannel
info | Characteristic information of link-level MIMO channel |
getPathFilters | Get path filter impulse response for link-level MIMO channel |
displayChannel | Visualize and explore CDL channel model characteristics |
swapTransmitAndReceive | Reverse link direction in CDL channel model |
Examples
Calculate OFDM Channel Response of CDL Channel
Create a default carrier configuration object.
carrier = nrCarrierConfig;
Create a CDL channel object with the CDL-B delay profile.
channel = nrCDLChannel;
channel.DelayProfile = "CDL-B";
channel.MaximumDopplerShift = 200;
Set the sample rate of the channel to match the sample rate of the carrier.
ofdmInfo = nrOFDMInfo(carrier); channel.SampleRate = ofdmInfo.SampleRate;
Specify the OFDM channel response as the channel output.
channel.ChannelResponseOutput = "ofdm-response";
Disable channel filtering.
channel.ChannelFiltering = false;
Set the number of time samples to generate a single-slot OFDM response.
channel.NumTimeSamples = sum(ofdmInfo.SymbolLengths(1:carrier.SymbolsPerSlot));
Call the CDL channel object by specifying the carrier input. The object returns the OFDM channel response and timing offset of the CDL channel.
[ofdmResponse,timingOffset] = channel(carrier);
Display the OFDM channel response.
mesh(abs(ofdmResponse(:,:,1,1))); title('OFDM Channel Response of CDL Channel'); xlabel('OFDM Symbol'); ylabel("Subcarrier"); zlabel("Magnitude");
Transmission Over Channel Model with Delay Profile CDL-D
Transmit a waveform through a clustered delay line (CDL) channel model with delay profile CDL-D from TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1.
Define the channel configuration structure using an nrCDLChannel
System object. Use delay profile CDL-D, a delay spread of 10 ns, and UE velocity of 15 km/h.
v = 15.0; % UE velocity in km/h fc = 4e9; % carrier frequency in Hz c = physconst('lightspeed'); % speed of light in m/s fd = (v*1000/3600)/c*fc; % UE max Doppler frequency in Hz cdl = nrCDLChannel; cdl.DelayProfile = 'CDL-D'; cdl.DelaySpread = 10e-9; cdl.CarrierFrequency = fc; cdl.MaximumDopplerShift = fd;
Configure the transmit array layout as a vector of the form [M N P Mg Ng] = [2 4 2 1 2], representing two panels (Mg = 1, Ng = 2) with a 2-by-4 antenna array (M = 2, N = 4) and two polarization angles (P = 2). Configure the receive antenna array as a vector of the form [M N P Mg Ng] = [1 1 2 1 1], representing a single pair of cross-polarized co-located antennas.
cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.Size = [2 4 2 1 2]; cdl.ReceiveAntennaArray.Size = [1 1 2 1 1];
Set the distance between the transmit antenna elements to half wavelength. Specify the distance between the antenna panel centers to evenly distribute the antenna elements of all panels and avoid panel overlapping.
cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.ElementSpacing(1:2) = 0.5; cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.ElementSpacing(3:4) = cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.ElementSpacing(1:2).*(cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.Size(1:2));
Verify the configuration by displaying the channel.
displayChannel(cdl,'LinkEnd','Tx')
displayChannel(cdl,'LinkEnd','Rx')
Create a random waveform of one subframe duration with eight antennas.
SR = 15.36e6; T = SR * 1e-3; cdl.SampleRate = SR; cdlinfo = info(cdl); Nt = cdlinfo.NumInputSignals; txWaveform = complex(randn(T,Nt),randn(T,Nt));
Transmit the input waveform through the channel.
rxWaveform = cdl(txWaveform);
Effect of SampleDensity
Property in CDL Channel Output
Plot channel output and path gain snapshots for various sample density values while using an nrCDLChannel
System object.
Configure a channel with delay profile CDL-B from TR 38.901 Section 7.7.1. Set the maximum Doppler shift to 300 Hz and the channel sampling rate to 10 kHz.
cdl = nrCDLChannel;
cdl.DelayProfile = 'CDL-B';
cdl.MaximumDopplerShift = 300.0;
cdl.SampleRate = 10e3;
cdl.Seed = 19;
Configure the transmit and receive antenna arrays for single-input/single-output (SISO) operation.
cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.Size = [1 1 1 1 1]; cdl.ReceiveAntennaArray.Size = [1 1 1 1 1];
Create an input waveform with a length of 40 samples.
T = 40; in = ones(T,1);
Plot the step response of the channel (displayed as lines) and the corresponding path gain snapshots (displayed circles) for various values of the SampleDensity
property. The sample density property controls how often the channel snapshots are taken relative to the Doppler frequency.
When
SampleDensity
is set toInf
, a channel snapshot is taken for every input sample.When
SampleDensity
is set to a scalar S, a channel snapshot is taken at a rate of .
The nrCDLChannel
object applies the channel snapshots to the input waveform by means of zero-order hold interpolation. The object takes an extra snapshot beyond the end of the input. Some of the final output samples use this extra value to minimize the interpolation error. The channel output contains a transient (and a delay) due to the filters that implement the path delays.
s = [Inf 5 2]; % sample densities legends = {}; figure; hold on; SR = cdl.SampleRate; for i = 1:length(s) % call channel with chosen sample density release(cdl); cdl.SampleDensity = s(i); [out,pathgains,sampletimes] = cdl(in); chInfo = info(cdl); tau = chInfo.ChannelFilterDelay; % plot channel output against time t = cdl.InitialTime + ((0:(T-1)) - tau).' / SR; h = plot(t,abs(out),'o-'); h.MarkerSize = 2; h.LineWidth = 1.5; desc = ['Sample Density = ' num2str(s(i))]; legends = [legends ['Output, ' desc]]; disp([desc ', Ncs = ' num2str(length(sampletimes))]); % plot path gains against sample times h2 = plot(sampletimes-tau/SR,abs(sum(pathgains,2)),'o'); h2.Color = h.Color; h2.MarkerFaceColor = h.Color; legends = [legends ['Path Gains, ' desc]]; end
Sample Density = Inf, Ncs = 40 Sample Density = 5, Ncs = 13 Sample Density = 2, Ncs = 6
xlabel('Time (s)'); title('Channel Output and Path Gains vs. Sample Density'); ylabel('Channel Magnitude'); legend(legends,'Location','NorthWest');
Orient Transmit and Receive Antennas Using LOS Path Angles
Create a CDL channel model. Then specify a light-of-sight (LOS) channel.
cdl = nrCDLChannel; cdl.DelayProfile = 'CDL-D'; % LOS channel cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.Element = '38.901'; cdl.ReceiveAntennaArray.Element = '38.901';
Retrieve channel characteristic information. Orient the transmit and receive antenna arrays to point at each other by using the LOS path angles returned in the characteristic information.
cdlInfo = cdl.info; cdl.TransmitArrayOrientation = [cdlInfo.AnglesAoD(1) cdlInfo.AnglesZoD(1)-90 0]'; cdl.ReceiveArrayOrientation = [cdlInfo.AnglesAoA(1) cdlInfo.AnglesZoA(1)-90 0]';
Visualize the channel characteristics at the transmitter end.
cdl.displayChannel('LinkEnd','Tx'); view(0,90)
Visualize the channel characteristics at the receiver end. The strongest path (LOS) passes through the maximum of the antenna element radiation pattern, which confirms that the antennas point at each other.
cdl.displayChannel('LinkEnd','Rx') view(0,90)
Configure CDL Channel Antenna Using Phased Array
Create a CDL channel model. Then specify a phased array for the transmit antenna array.
cdl = nrCDLChannel; cdl.TransmitAntennaArray = phased.URA;
Specify a cross-dipole transmit antenna array element to generate circularly polarized fields.
cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.Element = phased.CrossedDipoleAntennaElement;
Set the broadside direction of the array toward the positive y-axis. Add a 30 degree downtilt.
cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.ArrayNormal = 'y';
cdl.TransmitArrayOrientation = [0; 30; 0];
Set the antenna element spacing to half wavelength.
lambda = physconst('lightspeed')/cdl.CarrierFrequency;
cdl.TransmitAntennaArray.ElementSpacing = [lambda/2 lambda/2];
Visualize the channel characteristics at the transmitter end.
cdl.displayChannel('LinkEnd','Tx');
Algorithms
Internal Architecture of CDL Channel Model
The object properties configure the CDL channel filtering and channel coefficients generation.
To enable or disable CDL channel filtering, use the ChannelFiltering
property.
CDL Channel Filtering Enabled — When you set
ChannelFiltering
totrue
, the object accepts an input signal and returns the channel-impaired signal. Depending on theChannelResponseOutput
property, the object returns also the:OFDM channel response and timing offset (when
ChannelResponseOutput
='ofdm-response'
). (since R2024b)Path gains and sample times (when
ChannelResponseOutput
='path-gains'
).
This figure shows the internal architecture of the CDL channel model when channel filtering is enabled and the object returns the OFDM channel response and timing offset. (since R2024b)
CDL Channel Filtering Disabled — When you set
ChannelFiltering
tofalse
, the object does not accept an input signal. However, depending on theChannelResponseOutput
property, the object returns the:OFDM channel response and timing offset (when
ChannelResponseOutput
='ofdm-response'
). (since R2024b)Path gains and sample times (when
ChannelResponseOutput
='path-gains'
).
Use the
OutputDataType
andNumTimeSamples
properties to set the channel response output data type and the duration of the fading process realization, respectively.This figure shows the internal architecture of the CDL channel model when channel filtering is disabled and the object returns only the OFDM channel response and timing offset. (since R2024b)
To configure TR 38.901-specific parameters:
Set the delay profile,
DelayProfile
, then configure delay-profile-specific parameters. Depending on the delay profile, use the properties listed in the Predefined Delay Profile or Custom Delay Profile sections.Configure the channel geometry by using the properties listed in the Antenna Array section.
Configure the UE mobility by using the properties listed in the Mobility section.
To configure non-TR 38.901-specific implementation details of the coefficients generation, use the properties listed in the Channel Control section.
References
[1] 3GPP TR 38.901. “Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz.” 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.
Usage notes and limitations:
See System Objects in MATLAB Code Generation (MATLAB Coder).
GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™. (since R2024b)
The nrCDLChannel
System object supports GPU arrays.
The nrCDLChannel
function
supports GPU array input with these usage notes and limitations:
To enable GPU processing, set the
ChannelFiltering
property totrue
and call the object with at least onegpuArray
(Parallel Computing Toolbox) object as a data input argument.
For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Version History
Introduced in R2018bR2024b: Obtain OFDM channel response and timing offset directly from channel
The nrCDLChannel
object enables you to obtain the OFDM channel
response and timing offset directly from the channel. To enable this functionality, set the
ChannelResponseOutput
object property to 'ofdm-response'
,
then call the object with an nrCarrierConfig
object in addition
to the input signal.
R2024b: GPU array support
The nrCDLChannel
object adds support for GPU arrays. For more
information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
R2023b: Customize CDL channel model from predefined delay profile
You can create a channel model with a custom delay profile that is initialized with the parameters of one of the predefined delay profiles, as defined in TR 38.901 Tables 7.7.1-1 to 7.7.1-5. For more information on the corresponding object creation syntaxes, see the Description section.
R2023b: Support for dual-mobility
You can use the MaximumDopplerShift
and UTDirectionOfTravel
object properties to configure V2X fading channels for the
transmitter and receiver. To control clutter mobility, use the MovingScattererProportion
and MaximumScattererSpeed
object properties.
R2021a: Orientation
field of antenna array properties will be removed
The
Orientation
field of theTransmitAntennaArray
property will be removed in a future release. Use theTransmitArrayOrientation
property instead.The
Orientation
field of theReceiveAntennaArray
property will be removed in a future release. Use theReceiveArrayOrientation
property instead.
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