Hundreds of functions in MATLAB® and other toolboxes run automatically on GPU if you supply a gpuArray
argument.
A = gpuArray([1 0 1; -1 -2 0; 0 1 -1]); e = eig(A);
Whenever you call any of these functions with at least one gpuArray as a data
input argument, the function executes on the GPU. The function generates a gpuArray
as the result, unless returning MATLAB data is more appropriate (for example, size
). You
can mix inputs using both gpuArray and MATLAB arrays in the same function call. To learn more about when a function
runs on GPU or CPU, see Special Conditions for gpuArray Inputs. GPU-enabled
functions include the discrete Fourier transform (fft
), matrix
multiplication (mtimes
), left matrix division
(mldivide
), and hundreds of others. For more information, see
Check GPU Supported Functions.
If a MATLAB function has GPU support, you can consult additional GPU usage information on its function page. See GPU Arrays in the Extended Capabilities section at the end of the function page.
For a filtered list of all MATLAB functions that support GPU arrays, see Function List (GPU Arrays).
You can browse GPU support for functions, and filter by product. On the Help bar, click Functions. In the function list, browse the left pane to select a product, for example, MATLAB. At the bottom of the left pane, select GPU Arrays. If you select a product that does not have GPU-enabled functions, then the GPU Arrays filter is not available. For example:
Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ functions that support GPU arrays: Function List (GPU Arrays).
Image Processing Toolbox™ functions that support GPU arrays: Function List (GPU Arrays).
For information about updates to individual GPU-enabled functions, see the release notes.
If you have a GPU, then MATLAB automatically uses it for GPU computations. You can check your GPU
using the gpuDevice
function. If you have
multiple GPUs, then you can use gpuDevice
to select one of them,
or use multiple GPUs with a parallel pool. For an example, see Identify and Select a GPU and Use Multiple GPUs in a Parallel Pool. To check if
your GPU is supported, see GPU Support by Release.
For deep learning, MATLAB provides automatic parallel support for multiple GPUs. See Deep Learning with MATLAB on Multiple GPUs (Deep Learning Toolbox).
This example shows how to use GPU-enabled MATLAB functions to operate with gpuArrays. You can check the properties of your GPU using the gpuDevice
function.
gpuDevice
ans = CUDADevice with properties: Name: 'GeForce GTX 1080' Index: 1 ComputeCapability: '6.1' SupportsDouble: 1 DriverVersion: 10 ToolkitVersion: 10 MaxThreadsPerBlock: 1024 MaxShmemPerBlock: 49152 MaxThreadBlockSize: [1024 1024 64] MaxGridSize: [2.1475e+09 65535 65535] SIMDWidth: 32 TotalMemory: 8.5899e+09 AvailableMemory: 6.9342e+09 MultiprocessorCount: 20 ClockRateKHz: 1733500 ComputeMode: 'Default' GPUOverlapsTransfers: 1 KernelExecutionTimeout: 1 CanMapHostMemory: 1 DeviceSupported: 1 DeviceSelected: 1
Create a row vector that repeats values from -15 to 15. To transfer it to the GPU and create a gpuArray, use the gpuArray
function.
X = [-15:15 0 -15:15 0 -15:15];
gpuX = gpuArray(X);
whos gpuX
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes gpuX 1x95 4 gpuArray
To operate with gpuArrays, use any GPU-enabled MATLAB function. MATLAB automatically runs calculations on the GPU. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU. For example, use a combination of diag
, expm
, mod
, abs
, and fliplr
.
gpuE = expm(diag(gpuX,-1)) * expm(diag(gpuX,1)); gpuM = mod(abs(gpuE),2); gpuF = gpuM + fliplr(gpuM);
Plot the results.
imagesc(gpuF); colormap(flip(gray));
If you need to transfer the data back from the GPU, use gather
. Gathering back to the CPU can be costly, and is generally not necessary unless you need to use your result with functions that do not support gpuArray.
result = gather(gpuF);
whos result
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes result 96x96 73728 double
This example shows how to sharpen an image using gpuArrays and GPU-enabled functions.
Read the image, and send it to the GPU using the gpuArray
function.
image = gpuArray(imread('peppers.png'));
Convert the image to doubles, and apply convolutions to obtain the gradient image. Then, using the gradient image, sharpen the image by a factor of amount
.
dimage = im2double(image); gradient = convn(dimage,ones(3)./9,'same') - convn(dimage,ones(5)./25,'same'); amount = 5; sharpened = dimage + amount.*gradient;
Resize, plot and compare the original and sharpened images.
imshow(imresize([dimage, sharpened],0.7));
title('Original image (left) vs sharpened image (right)');
This example shows how to use GPU-enabled MATLAB functions to compute a well-known mathematical construction: the Mandelbrot set. Check your GPU using the gpuDevice
function.
Define the parameters. The Mandelbrot algorithm iterates over a grid of real and imaginary parts. The following code defines the number of iterations, grid size, and grid limits.
maxIterations = 500; gridSize = 1000; xlim = [-0.748766713922161, -0.748766707771757]; ylim = [ 0.123640844894862, 0.123640851045266];
You can use the gpuArray
function to transfer data to the GPU and create a gpuArray
, or you can create an array directly on the GPU. gpuArray
provides GPU versions of many functions that you can use to create data arrays, such as linspace
. For more information, see Create GPU Arrays Directly.
x = gpuArray.linspace(xlim(1),xlim(2),gridSize); y = gpuArray.linspace(ylim(1),ylim(2),gridSize); whos x y
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes x 1x1000 4 gpuArray y 1x1000 4 gpuArray
Many MATLAB functions support gpuArrays. When you supply a gpuArray argument to any GPU-enabled function, the function runs automatically on the GPU. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU. Create a complex grid for the algorithm, and create the array count
for the results. To create this array directly on the GPU, use the ones
function, and specify 'gpuArray'
.
[xGrid,yGrid] = meshgrid(x,y);
z0 = complex(xGrid,yGrid);
count = ones(size(z0),'gpuArray');
The following code implements the Mandelbrot algorithm using GPU-enabled functions. Because the code uses gpuArrays, the calculations happen on the GPU.
z = z0; for n = 0:maxIterations z = z.*z + z0; inside = abs(z) <= 2; count = count + inside; end count = log(count);
When computations are done, plot the results.
imagesc(x,y,count)
colormap([jet();flipud(jet());0 0 0]);
axis off
The following functions support sparse gpuArrays.
abs angle bicg bicgstab ceil cgs classUnderlying conj ctranspose deg2rad diag end expm1 find fix floor full gmres gpuArray.speye imag isaUnderlying isdiag |
isempty isequal isequaln isfloat isinteger islogical isnumeric isreal issparse istril istriu length log1p lsqr minus mtimes ndims nextpow2 nnz nonzeros norm numel |
nzmax pcg plus rad2deg real realsqrt round sign size sparse spfun spones sprandsym sqrt sum times (.*) trace transpose tril triu uminus uplus |
You can create a sparse gpuArray either by calling sparse
with a gpuArray input, or by calling gpuArray
with a sparse input. For
example,
x = [0 1 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 1]
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
s = sparse(x)
(1,2) 1 (2,5) 1
g = gpuArray(s); % g is a sparse gpuArray gt = transpose(g); % gt is a sparse gpuArray f = full(gt) % f is a full gpuArray
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Sparse gpuArrays do not support indexing. Instead, use find
to locate nonzero elements of the array and their row and
column indices. Then, replace the values you want and construct a new sparse
gpuArray.
If the output of a function running on the GPU could potentially be complex, you
must explicitly specify its input arguments as complex. This applies to
gpuArray
or to functions called in code run by
arrayfun
.
For example, if creating a gpuArray that might have negative elements, use
G = gpuArray(complex(p))
, then you can successfully execute
sqrt(G)
.
Or, within a function passed to arrayfun
, if
x
is a vector of real numbers, and some elements have
negative values, sqrt(x)
generates an error; instead you should
call sqrt(complex(x))
.
If the result is a gpuArray of complex data and all the imaginary parts are zero,
these parts are retained and the data remains complex. This could have an impact
when using sort
, isreal
, and so on.
The following table lists the functions that might return complex data, along with the input range over which the output remains real.
Function | Input Range for Real Output |
---|---|
acos(x) | abs(x) <= 1 |
acosh(x) | x >= 1 |
acoth(x) | abs(x) >= 1 |
acsc(x) | abs(x) >= 1 |
asec(x) | abs(x) >= 1 |
asech(x) | 0 <= x <= 1 |
asin(x) | abs(x) <= 1 |
atanh | abs(x) <= 1 |
log(x) | x >= 0 |
log1p(x) | x >= -1 |
log10(x) | x >= 0 |
log2(x) | x >= 0 |
power(x,y) | x >= 0 |
reallog(x) | x >= 0 |
realsqrt(x) | x >= 0 |
sqrt(x) | x >= 0 |
GPU-enabled functions run on the GPU only when the data is on the GPU. For example, the following code runs on GPU because the data, the first input, is on the GPU:
>> sum(gpuArray(magic(10)),2);
>> sum(magic(10),gpuArray(2));
MAGMA is a library of linear algebra routines that take advantage of GPU acceleration. Linear algebra functions implemented for gpuArrays in Parallel Computing Toolbox™ leverage MAGMA to achieve high performance and accuracy.