Solar PV Controller (Three-Phase)

Solar photovoltaic (PV) grid-following (GF) controller

Since R2024a

• 

Libraries:
Simscape / Electrical / Control / Renewables Control

Description

The Solar PV Controller (Three-Phase) block implements a photovoltaic (PV) grid-following (GF) controller that uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The inputs to the block are the:

• Per-unit reactive power reference Qref

• DC-side current in amps ipv

• DC-side voltage in volts vdc

• AC-side per-unit voltage vabc

• AC-side per-unit current iabc

The outputs of the block are the per-unit reference voltage wave for the solar inverter vabcRef and a bus containing signals for visualization. This figure shows the top-level structure of the controller.

The Volt-VAR controller calculates the per-unit q-axis current reference i_{q ref}.

The MPPT algorithm calculates the DC-side reference voltage V_{dc ref} in volts.

The DC voltage controller calculates the per-unit d-axis current reference i_{d ref}.

The phase-locked loop (PLL) calculates the:

• Phase angle θ of the input voltage signal v_abc

• Per-unit d-axis voltage V_d

• Per-unit q-axis voltage V_q

The Park transform converts iabc and θ into the:

• Per-unit d-axis current i_d

• Per-unit q-axis current i_q

The current controller calculates the:

• Per-unit d-axis voltage reference V_{d ref}

• Per-unit q-axis voltage reference V_{q ref}

The inverse Park transform converts V_{d ref} and V_{q ref} into vabcRef.

For discrete-time simulation, set Sample time (-1 for inherited) to a positive value or to -1 to inherit the sample time. For continuous-time simulation, set Sample time (-1 for inherited) to 0.

To choose the MPPT algorithm, in the MPPT tab, set the Algorithm parameter to one of these options:

• Perturb and observe (P&O) — The P&O algorithm perturbs the operating voltage of the solar panel. The algorithm then observes the change in power output. If the power increases, the perturbation continues in the same direction. If the power decreases, the algorithm reverses the perturbation. To prioritize simulation speed, use this option.

• Incremental conductance (INC) — The INC algorithm calculates the incremental change in current and voltage to determine the slope of the power-voltage curve. If the slope is positive, the operating point moves to a higher voltage. If the slope is negative, the operating point moves to a lower voltage. If the slope is close to zero, the algorithm has reached the maximum power point (MPP). To prioritize accuracy in tracking the MPP, use this option.

Visualization

The block outputs a bus containing these nine signals for visualization:

• Estimated phase angle θ of the input voltage signal v_abc

• DC-side voltage V_dc in volts

• Per-unit q-axis current reference i_{q ref}

• Per-unit d-axis current reference i_{d ref}

• DC-side reference voltage V_{dc ref} in volts

• Per-unit d-axis voltage V_d

• Per-unit q-axis voltage V_q

• Per-unit d-axis current i_d

• Per-unit q-axis current i_q

Ports

Input

Qref (pu) — Reactive power reference, pu

scalar

Per-unit reactive power reference.

Data Types: single | double

ipv (A) — DC-side current, A

scalar

DC-side current, in amps.

Data Types: single | double

vdc (V) — DC-side voltage, V

scalar

DC-side voltage, in volts.

Data Types: single | double

vabc (pu) — AC-side voltage, pu

vector

AC-side per-unit voltage.

Data Types: single | double

iabc (pu) — AC-side current, pu

vector

AC-side per-unit current.

Data Types: single | double

Output

vabcRef (pu) — Per-unit reference voltage wave, pu

vector

Per-unit reference voltage wave.

Data Types: single | double

visualization — Visualization bus

bus

Bus containing internal signals for visualization. For a list of signals, see Visualization.

Data Types: single | double

Parameters

To edit block parameters interactively, use the Property Inspector. From the Simulink^® Toolstrip, on the Simulation tab, in the Prepare gallery, select Property Inspector.

General

AC filter inductance (H) — AC filter inductance

3e-3 (default) | positive scalar

AC filter inductance, in henries.

System frequency (Hz) — System frequency

60 (default) | positive scalar

System frequency, in hertz.

Inverter current limit (pu) — Inverter current limit

1.2 (default) | positive scalar

The per-unit inverter current limit.

Base impedance on AC side (Ohm) — AC-side base impedance

0.34 (default) | positive scalar

AC-side base impedance, in ohms.

Base power on AC side (V*A) — AC-side base power

6e5 (default) | scalar

AC-side base power in volt-amperes.

DC bus base voltage (V) — DC bus base voltage

1000 (default) | positive scalar

DC bus base voltage, in volts.

Sample time (-1 for inherited) — Block sample time

-1 (default) | nonnegative scalar or -1

Time, in seconds, between consecutive block executions. During execution, the block produces outputs and, if appropriate, updates its internal state. For more information, see What Is Sample Time? and Specify Sample Time.

For discrete-time simulation:

• To specify the sample time explicitly, set this parameter to a positive value. This value defines the sample time in seconds.

• To inherit the sample time, set this parameter to -1.

For continuous-time simulation, set this parameter to 0.

For more information about continuous and discrete sample times, see Types of Sample Time.

MPPT

Algorithm — MPPT algorithm

Perturb and observe (P&O) (default) | Incremental conductance (INC)

Maximum power point tracking algorithm. Choose one of these options:

• Perturb and observe (P&O) — The P&O algorithm perturbs the operating voltage of the solar panel. The algorithm then observes the change in power output. If the power increases, the perturbation continues in the same direction. If the power decreases, the algorithm reverses the perturbation. To prioritize simulation speed, use this option.

• Incremental conductance (INC) — The INC algorithm calculates the incremental change in current and voltage to determine the slope of the power-voltage curve. If the slope is close to zero, the MPP is reached. If the slope is positive, the operating point moves to a higher voltage. If the slope is negative, the operating point moves to a lower voltage. To prioritize accuracy in tracking the MPP, use this option.

Initial voltage for MPPT (V) — Initial voltage for MPPT

2000 (default) | scalar

Initial voltage for the MPPT algorithm, in volts.

Voltage step of MPPT (V) — Voltage step of MPPT

3 (default) | nonnegative scalar

Voltage step of the MPPT algorithm, in volts.

Settling time of MPPT (s) — Settling time of MPPT

5e-4 (default) | nonnegative scalar

Settling time of the MPPT algorithm, in seconds.

PLL

Proportional gain — Proportional gain

200 (default) | positive scalar

Proportional gain of the phase-locked loop.

Integral gain — Integral gain

2000 (default) | positive scalar

Integral gain of the phase-locked loop.

Initial phase angle (deg) — Initial phase angle

0 (default) | scalar

Initial phase angle for the phase-locked loop, in degrees.

Voltage Controller

Proportional gain — Proportional gain

0.4 (default) | positive scalar

Proportional gain of the voltage controller.

Integral gain — Integral gain

3 (default) | positive scalar

Integral gain of the voltage controller.

Derivative gain — Derivative gain

0 (default) | nonnegative scalar

Derivative gain of the voltage controller.

Current Controller

D-axis proportional gain — D-axis proportional gain

1 (default) | positive scalar

Proportional gain of the D-axis current controller.

D-axis integral gain — D-axis integral gain

250 (default) | positive scalar

Integral gain of the D-axis current controller.

D-axis derivative gain — D-axis derivative gain

0 (default) | nonnegative scalar

Derivative gain of the D-axis current controller.

Q-axis proportional gain — Q-axis proportional gain

1 (default) | positive scalar

Proportional gain of the Q-axis current controller.

Q-axis integral gain — Q-axis integral gain

250 (default) | positive scalar

Integral gain of the Q-axis current controller.

Q-axis derivative gain — Q-axis derivative gain

0 (default) | nonnegative scalar

Derivative gain of the Q-axis current controller.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2024a