fnzeros

Roots of spline

Syntax

x = fnzeros(spline)

x = fnzeros(spline,I)

Description

x = fnzeros(spline) finds the zeros of a scalar-valued univariate spline in its basic interval. A spline zero is either a point or a closed interval over which the spline is zero.

x = fnzeros(spline,I) finds the zeros in the interval I.

Examples

Find Roots of Spline

Create and plot a piecewise linear spline.

spline = spmak(augknt(1:7,2),[1,0,1,-1,0,0,1]);
figure
fnplt(spline)

Find the roots of the spline. The spline has each of the three kinds of zeros: touch zero, cross zero, and zero over an interval.

x = fnzeros(spline)

x = 2×3

    2.0000    3.5000    5.0000
    2.0000    3.5000    6.0000

Plot the roots of the spline using right-pointing triangles at the left endpoints and left-pointing triangles at the right endpoints.

nz = size(x,2);
hold on
plot(x(1,:),zeros(1,nz),'r>',x(2,:),zeros(1,nz),'r<','MarkerSize',10)
hold off

Find Local Extrema of Spline

Create a spline with many local extrema. Locate the local extrema of the spline by finding the roots of its first derivative.

spline = spmak(1:31,rand(1,25)-0.5); 
x = fnzeros(fnder(spline));

Plot the spline and its local extrema.

figure
fnplt(spline)
hold on
x = unique(x(:));
y = fnval(spline,x);
plot(x,y,'ro')
xlim([-Inf Inf])
hold off

Find Roots of Discontinuous Spline

Create and plot a discontinuous piecewise linear spline.

 spline = spmak([0 0 1 1 2 2],[-1 1 -1 1]);
 figure
 fnplt(spline);

Find the roots of the spline. The roots include the jump through zero at x = 1.

x = fnzeros(spline)

x = 2×3

    0.5000    1.0000    1.5000
    0.5000    1.0000    1.5000

Input Arguments

spline — Spline

structure

Spline, specified as a structure. spline must represent a scalar-valued univariate spline.

Data Types: struct

I — Interval to find zeros in

numeric vector with two elements

Interval to find zeros in, specified as a numeric vector with two elements.

Output Arguments

x — Location of roots

matrix with two rows

Locations of roots of spline, returned as a matrix with two rows. The elements of the first row are the left endpoints of the intervals and the elements of the second row are the right endpoints. Each column contains the left and right endpoint of a single interval. The roots are in increasing order.

There are three different types of intervals:

• If the endpoints are different, then the spline is zero on the entire interval. In this case, the largest possible interval is given, regardless of knots that may be in the interior of the interval.

• If the endpoints are the same and coincident with a knot, then the spline has a zero at that point. The spline could cross zero, touch zero, or be discontinuous at this point.

• If the endpoints are the same and not coincident with a knot, then the spline has a zero crossing at this point.

Algorithms

To find the roots of a spline, fnzeros first converts the spline to B-form. The function then performs some preprocessing to handle discontinuities and then uses the algorithm of [1].

References

[1] Mørken, Knut, and Martin Reimers. "An unconditionally convergent method for computing zeros of splines and polynomials." Mathematics of Computation 76, no. 258 (2007): 845-865.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a