# RS Decoder

Decode and recover message from Reed-Solomon (RS) codeword

• Library:
• Wireless HDL Toolbox / Error Detection and Correction

## Description

The RS Decoder block decodes and recovers a message from a Reed-Solomon (RS) codeword. The block accepts codeword data and a samplecontrol bus and outputs a decoded message data, a samplecontrol bus, whether the received data is corrupted, a block ready indicator, and (optionally) the number of detected errors. The block provides an architecture suitable for HDL code generation and hardware deployment and supports shortened message lengths.

Because, the latency of the block varies, the block provides output port nextFrame that indicates when the block is ready to accept new input codeword data. For more details about latency, see the Algorithms section.

You can use this block to model many communication system forward error correcting (FEC) codes. The block supports digital subscriber line (DSL), WiMAX (802.16 m and e), digital video broadcast handheld terminals (DVB-H), digital video broadcast satellite services (DVB-S), and digital video broadcast satellite services to handheld devices (DVB-SH) below 3 MHz.

## Ports

### Input

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Input codeword data, specified as a scalar representing one symbol.

The length of the codeword in symbols specified by the Codeword length (N) parameter must be an integer equal to 2M – 1, where M is an integer in the range from 3 to 16.

The input word length must be an unsigned integer equal to ceil(log2(Codeword length (N)). For a codeword length of 7, the input data word length must be 3.

double and single data types are allowed for simulation, but not for HDL code generation.

Data Types: double | single | uint8 | uint16 | fixed point

Control signals accompanying the sample stream, specified as a samplecontrol bus. The bus includes the start, end, and valid control signals, which indicate the boundaries of the frame and the validity of the samples.

• start — Indicates the start of the input frame

• end — Indicates the end of the input frame

• valid — Indicates that the data on the input data port is valid

Data Types: bus

### Output

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Decoded message data, returned as a scalar. This output data width is the same size as the input data.

Data Types: double | single | uint8 | uint16 | fixed point

Control signals accompanying the sample stream, returned as a samplecontrol bus. The bus includes the start, end, and valid control signals, which indicate the boundaries of the frame and the validity of the samples.

• start — Indicates the start of the output frame

• end — Indicates the end of the output frame

• valid — Indicates that the data on the output data port is valid

Data Types: bus

Indication of corruption of the received data, returned as a Boolean scalar.

When this value is 1, the message contains at least one error. When this value is 0, the message contains zero errors.

Data Types: Boolean

Block ready indicator, returned as a Boolean scalar.

The block sets this signal to 1 (true) when the block is ready to accept the start of the next frame. If the block receives an input ctrl.start signal while nextFrame is 0 (false), the block discards the frame in progress and begins processing the new data.

Data Types: Boolean

Number of detected errors, returned as a nonnegative scalar.

#### Dependencies

To enable this port, select the Output number of corrected symbol errors parameter.

Data Types: uint8

## Parameters

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Specify the codeword length.

The codeword length N must be an integer equal to 2M – 1, where M is an integer in the range from 3 to 16. For more information on representing data for RS codes, see Integer Format (Reed-Solomon Only) (Communications Toolbox).

Specify the message length.

For more information on representing data for RS codes, see Integer Format (Reed-Solomon Only) (Communications Toolbox).

Specify the source of the primitive polynomial.

• Select Auto to specify the primitive polynomial based on the Codeword length (N) parameter value. The degree of the primitive polynomial is calculated as M = ceil(log2(Codeword length (N)). .

• Select Property to specify the primitive polynomial using the Primitive polynomial parameter.

Specify a binary row vector representing the primitive polynomial in descending order of powers.

For more information on how to specify a primitive polynomial, see Primitive Polynomials and Element Representations (Communications Toolbox).

#### Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Source of primitive polynomial parameter to Property.

Specify the source of the starting power for roots of the primitive polynomial.

• Select Property to enable the B value parameter.

• Select Auto, to use the B value parameter default value of 1.

Specify the starting power for roots of the primitive polynomial.

#### Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Source of B, the starting power for roots of the primitive polynomial parameter to Property.

Select this parameter to enable the numErrors output port. This port outputs the detected symbol error count.

## Algorithms

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This figure shows the different stages of operations performed by the RS Decoder block. The block calculates syndrome values, determines the error location polynomial, finds error locations and magnitudes, and corrects the errors.

This block uses the Berlekamp-Massey decoding algorithm. For information about this algorithm, see Algorithms for BCH and RS Errors-only Decoding (Communications Toolbox).

## References

[1] Wicker, Stephen B. Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995.

[2] Berlekamp, Elwyn R. Algebraic Coding Theory. Revised edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Systems Science. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2015.

[3] Clark, George C., and J. Bibb Cain. Error-Correction Coding for Digital Communications. Applications of Communications Theory. New York: Plenum Press, 1981.

[4] Moon, Todd K. Chapter 6, Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2005.