ccdesign

R2026b

Central composite design

Syntax

dCC = ccdesign(n)

dCC = ccdesign(n,Name=Value)

[dCC,blocks] = ccdesign(___)

Description

dCC = ccdesign(n) returns a numeric matrix dCC containing a central composite (Box-Wilson) design for n factors, where n is a positive integer scalar in the range [2, 26]. The size of dCC is m-by-n, where m is the number of runs (points) in the design. Each row of dCC contains the settings of all factors for that run. The factor values are normalized so that the cube points take values between –1 and 1.

dCC = ccdesign(n,Name=Value) returns dCC with additional options specified by one or more name-value arguments. For example, you can specify the number of center points, and the maximum number of points per block.

[dCC,blocks] = ccdesign(___) additionally returns a 1-by-m vector containing the block numbers for each run, using any of the input argument combinations in the previous syntaxes. The blocks indicate the runs to measure under similar conditions in order to minimize the effect of inter-block differences on the parameter estimates.

Examples

Two-Factor Central Composite Design

Create a two-factor central composite circumscribed design.

dCC = ccdesign(2);

Display the last 10 runs of the design.

disp(dCC(end-9:end,:))

         0   -1.4142
         0    1.4142
         0         0
         0         0
         0         0
         0         0
         0         0
         0         0
         0         0
         0         0

The design contains eight center points to reduce the correlations among the coefficient estimates.

Visualize the design.

plot(dCC(:,1),dCC(:,2),"ro",MarkerFaceColor="b")
X = [1 -1 -1 -1; 1 1 1 -1];
Y = [-1 -1 1 -1; 1 -1 1 1];
line(X,Y,Color="b")
axis square equal

The coordinates of each point represent the factor settings of a run in the design. In the circumscribed design, four points are located outside the main square.

Three-Factor Central Composite Design

Create a three-factor central composite design with the faced type.

[dCC,blocks] = ccdesign(3,Type="faced")

dCC = 24×3

    -1    -1    -1
    -1    -1     1
    -1     1    -1
    -1     1     1
     1    -1    -1
     1    -1     1
     1     1    -1
     1     1     1
    -1     0     0
     1     0     0
     0    -1     0
     0     1     0
     0     0    -1
     0     0     1
     0     0     0
      ⋮

blocks = 24×1

     1
     1
     1
     1
     1
     1
     1
     1
     2
     2
     2
     2
     2
     2
     1
      ⋮

Visualize the design. Display the runs in the first block with blue points, and the runs in the second block with red points.

plot3(dCC(blocks == 1,1),dCC(blocks==1,2),dCC(blocks==1,3),"bo", ...
         MarkerFaceColor="b")
hold on
plot3(dCC(blocks == 2,1),dCC(blocks==2,2),dCC(blocks==2,3),"ro", ...
         MarkerFaceColor="r")
set(gca,Box="on",BoxStyle="full")
line([0 0],[0,0],[-1 1],Color="r",LineStyle=":")
line([-1 1],[0,0],[0 0],Color="r",LineStyle=":")
line([0 0],[-1,1],[0 0],Color="r",LineStyle=":")
axis square equal
hold off

The coordinates of each point represent the factor settings of a run in the design. Because the design has the faced type, each star point is located on a face of the cube.

Input Arguments

n — Number of factors

integer scalar in the range [2,26]

Number of factors in the design, specified as an integer scalar in the range [2,26].

Example: 3

Data Types: single | double

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Example: ccdesign(3,Center=2) creates a central composite design for three factors that contains two center points.

Center — Number of center points

"orthogonal" (default) | nonnegative integer | "uniform"

Number of center points in the design, specified as a nonnegative integer, "uniform", or "orthogonal". If you specify center="uniform", the function selects the number of center points needed for a design with uniform precision. If you specify center="orthogonal" (the default), the function selects the number of center points needed for an orthogonal design.

Example: Center=3

Data Types: single | double | string array

Fraction — Fractional design index

integer scalar in the range [0,4]

Fractional design index, specified as an integer scalar in the range [0,4]. The default and allowable values of Fraction depend on the value of n. For example, if n ≤ 4, you can only specify Fraction = 0. If Fraction > 0, the software generates a design that is (0.5)^fraction of the full factorial cube.

Number of Factors	Default Value of Fraction and Design Fraction	Allowable Values of Fraction
n ≤ 4	0 (Entire cube)	0
5 ≤ n ≤ 7	1 (1/2 of cube)	0,1
8 ≤ n ≤ 9	2 (1/4 of cube)	0,1,2
n = 10	3 (1/8 of cube)	0,1,2,3
n = 11	4 (1/16 of cube)	0,1,2,3,4
n > 11	0 (Entire cube)	0,1

Example: Fraction=3

Data Types: single | double

BlockSize — Maximum number of points per block

Inf (default) | positive integer

Maximum number of points per block, specified as a positive integer. The default value is Inf.

Example: BlockSize=3

Data Types: single | double

Type — Type of central composite design

circumscribed (default) | inscribed | faced

Type of central composite design, specified as "circumscribed", "inscribed", or "faced". The inscribed design is the same as circumscribed, but with all factor values scaled by a factor K=(2^(n – fraction))^(–0.25). The faced design is the same as circumscribed, but with only the star factor values scaled by K. For more information about central composite design types, see Response Surface Designs.

Example: Type="faced"

Data Types: single | double

Output Arguments

dCC — Central composite design

numeric matrix

Central composite design for n factors, returned as a numeric matrix of size m-by-n, where m is the number of runs (points) in the design. Each row of dCC contains the settings of all factors for that run. The factor values are normalized so that the cube points in the design have values between –1 and 1.

blocks — Block numbers

numeric vector

Block numbers for each run, returned as an m-by-1 numeric vector, where m is the number of runs in the design. The blocks indicate the runs to measure under similar conditions in order to minimize the effect of inter-block differences on the parameter estimates. For more information, see [2].

Alternative Functionality

Instead of using ccdesign, you can create a responseSurfaceDOE object by using the responseSurfaceDOE function. The responseSurfaceDOE function provides the following advantages:

• The function allows you to specify design options such as the type of central composite design, factor names, factor level bounds, blocks, and experiment model.

• In addition to returning the design runs, the function stores your specifications in the responseSurfaceDOE object properties.

• After you create a responseSurfaceDOE object, you can:

  • Fit a linear regression model to the design run responses using the fitlm function.

  • Randomize the run order in the design using the randomizeRunOrder function.

  • Add replicates (duplicates of the original design runs) using the addReplicates function.

References

[1] Box, G. E. P., and K. B. Wilson. "On the Experimental Attainment of Optimum Conditions." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological) 13, no. 1 (January 1951): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00067.x.

[2] Box, G. E. P., W. G. Hunter, and J. S. Hunter. Statistics for Experimenters. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 1978.

[3] Box, G. E. P., W. G. Hunter, and J. S. Hunter. "Multi-Factor Experimental Designs for Exploring Response Surfaces." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 28, no. 1 (March 1957): 195–241. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177707047.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a