# Nonlinear Equality and Inequality Constraints

This example shows how to solve an optimization problem containing nonlinear constraints. Include nonlinear constraints by writing a function that computes both equality and inequality constraint values. A nonlinear constraint function has the syntax

`[c,ceq] = nonlinconstr(x)`

The function `c(x)` represents the constraint `c(x) <= 0`. The function `ceq(x)` represents the constraint `ceq(x) = 0`.

Note: You must have the nonlinear constraint function return both `c(x)` and `ceq(x)`, even if you have only one type of nonlinear constraint. If a constraint does not exist, have the function return `[]` for that constraint.

### Nonlinear Constraints

Suppose you have the nonlinear equality constraint

`${x}_{1}^{2}+{x}_{2}=1$`

and the nonlinear inequality constraint

${x}_{1}{x}_{2}\ge -10$.

Rewrite these constraints as

`$\begin{array}{c}{x}_{1}^{2}+{x}_{2}-1=0\\ -{x}_{1}{x}_{2}-10\le 0.\end{array}$`

The `confuneq` helper function at the end of this example implements these inequalities in the correct syntax.

### Objective Function

Solve the problem

`$\underset{x}{\mathrm{min}}f\left(x\right)={e}^{{x}_{1}}\left(4{x}_{1}^{2}+2{x}_{2}^{2}+4{x}_{1}{x}_{2}+2{x}_{2}+1\right)$`

subject to the constraints. The `objfun` helper function at the end of this example implements this objective function.

### Solve Problem

Solve the problem by calling the `fmincon` solver. This solver requires an initial point; use the point `x0 = [-1,-1]`.

`x0 = [-1,-1];`

The problem has no bounds or linear constraints, so set those inputs to `[]`.

```A = []; b = []; Aeq = []; beq = []; lb = []; ub = [];```

Call the solver.

`[x,fval] = fmincon(@objfun,x0,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub,@confuneq)`
```Local minimum found that satisfies the constraints. Optimization completed because the objective function is non-decreasing in feasible directions, to within the value of the optimality tolerance, and constraints are satisfied to within the value of the constraint tolerance. ```
```x = 1×2 -0.7529 0.4332 ```
```fval = 1.5093 ```

The solver reports that the constraints are satisfied at the solution. Check the nonlinear constraints at the solution.

`[c,ceq] = confuneq(x)`
```c = -9.6739 ```
```ceq = 2.0668e-12 ```

`c` is less than 0, as required. `ceq` is equal to 0 within the default constraint tolerance of `1e-6`.

### Helper Functions

The following code creates the `confuneq` helper function.

```function [c,ceq] = confuneq(x) % Nonlinear inequality constraints c = -x(1)*x(2) - 10; % Nonlinear equality constraints ceq = x(1)^2 + x(2) - 1; end```

The following code creates the `objfun` helper function.

```function f = objfun(x) f = exp(x(1))*(4*x(1)^2+2*x(2)^2+4*x(1)*x(2)+2*x(2)+1); end```