spreadsheetDatastore
Datastore for spreadsheet files
Description
Use a spreadsheetDatastore
object to manage large
collections of spreadsheet files where the collection does not necessarily fit in
memory. You can create a spreadsheetDatastore
object using the
spreadsheetDatastore
function, specify its properties, and then
import the data using object functions.
Creation
Description
creates a spreadsheet datastore from the collection of data specified by
ssds
= spreadsheetDatastore(location
)location
.
specifies additional parameters and properties for ssds
= spreadsheetDatastore(location
,Name,Value
)ssds
using one or more name-value
arguments. For example,
spreadsheetDatastore(location,"FileExtensions",[".xlsx",".xls"])
specifies which files to include in the datastore depending on the file
extensions.
Input Arguments
location
— Files or folders to include in datastore
FileSet
| DsFileSet
object | string array | character vector | cell array of character vectors
Files or folders to include in the datastore, specified as one of these values:
FileSet
object — Specifying the location as aFileSet
object leads to a faster construction time for datastores compared to specifying a path orDsFileSet
object. For more information, seematlab.io.datastore.FileSet
.DsFileSet
object — For more information, seematlab.io.datastore.DsFileSet
.File path — You can specify a single file path as a string scalar or character vector. You can specify multiple file paths as a string array or cell array of character vectors.
Files or folders can be local or remote:
Local files or folders — If the files are not in the current folder, then specify full or relative paths. Files within subfolders of a specified folder are not automatically included in the datastore. You can use the wildcard character (*) when specifying the local path. This character specifies that the datastore include all matching files or all files in the matching folders.
Remote files or folders — Specify full paths to remote files or folders as a uniform resource locator (URL) of the form
hdfs:///
. Internet URLs must include the protocol typepath_to_file
"http://"
or"https://"
. For more information, see Work with Remote Data.
When you specify a folder, the datastore includes only files with supported file
formats and ignores files with any other format. To specify a custom list of file extensions to
include in your datastore, see the FileExtensions
name-value argument.
The spreadsheetDatastore
function supports files
with the extensions: .xls
, .xlsx
,
.xlsm
, .xltx
, and
.xltm
.
Example: "file1.xlsx"
Example: "../dir/data/file1.xlsx"
Example: ["C:\dir\data\file1.xlsx","C:\dir\data\file2.xlsx"]
Example: "s3://bucketname/path_to_files/*.xls"
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Example: ssds =
spreadsheetDatastore("C:\dir\spreadsheetdata",FileExtensions=[".xls",".xlsm"])
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name
in quotes.
Example: ssds =
spreadsheetDatastore("C:\dir\spreadsheetdata","FileExtensions",[".xls",".xlsm"])
FileExtensions
— Spreadsheet file extensions
character vector | cell array of character vectors | string scalar | string array
Spreadsheet file extensions, specified as the name-value argument
consisting of "FileExtensions"
and a character
vector, cell array of character vectors, string scalar, or string
array.
If you do not specify
"FileExtensions"
, thenspreadsheetDatastore
automatically includes all files with.xls
,.xlsx
,.xlsm
,.xltx
, and.xltm
extensions in the specified path.If you want to include spreadsheets with non-standard file extensions in the
SpreadsheetDatastore
, then specify those extensions explicitly.If you want to create a
SpreadsheetDatastore
for files without any extensions, then specify"FileExtensions"
as an empty character vector,''
.
Example: "FileExtensions",''
Example: "FileExtensions",".xls"
Example: "FileExtensions",[".xlsx",".xlsm"]
Data Types: char
| cell
| string
IncludeSubfolders
— Subfolder inclusion flag
true
or false
| 0 or 1
Subfolder inclusion flag, specified as the name-value argument
consisting of "IncludeSubfolders"
and
true
, false
, 0, or 1.
Specify true
to include all files and subfolders
within each folder or false
to include only the
files within each folder.
If you do not specify "IncludeSubfolders"
, then
the default value is false
.
Example: "IncludeSubfolders",true
Data Types: logical
| double
OutputType
— Output datatype
"auto"
(default) | "table"
| "timetable"
Output datatype, specified as the name-value argument consisting of
"OutputType"
and one of these values:
The value of OutputType
determines the data type returned by the preview
, read
, and readall
functions. Use this option in conjunction with the
"RowTimes"
name-value pair to return timetables from
spreadsheetDatastore
.
Example: "OutputType","timetable"
Data Types: char
| string
AlternateFileSystemRoots
— Alternate file system root paths
string vector | cell array
Alternate file system root paths, specified as the name-value argument consisting of
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
and a string vector or a cell array. Use
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
when you create a datastore on a local
machine, but need to access and process the data on another machine (possibly of a different
operating system). Also, when processing data using the Parallel Computing Toolbox™ and the MATLAB®
Parallel Server™, and the data is stored on your local machines with a copy of the data available
on different platform cloud or cluster machines, you must use
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
to associate the root paths.
To associate a set of root paths that are equivalent to one another, specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
as a string vector. For example,["Z:\datasets","/mynetwork/datasets"]
To associate multiple sets of root paths that are equivalent for the datastore, specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
as a cell array containing multiple rows where each row represents a set of equivalent root paths. Specify each row in the cell array as either a string vector or a cell array of character vectors. For example:Specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
as a cell array of string vectors.{["Z:\datasets", "/mynetwork/datasets"];... ["Y:\datasets", "/mynetwork2/datasets","S:\datasets"]}
Alternatively, specify
"AlternateFileSystemRoots"
as a cell array of cell array of character vectors.{{'Z:\datasets','/mynetwork/datasets'};... {'Y:\datasets', '/mynetwork2/datasets','S:\datasets'}}
The value of "AlternateFileSystemRoots"
must satisfy these conditions:
Contains one or more rows, where each row specifies a set of equivalent root paths.
Each row specifies multiple root paths and each root path must contain at least two characters.
Root paths are unique and are not subfolders of one another.
Contains at least one root path entry that points to the location of the files.
For more information, see Set Up Datastore for Processing on Different Machines or Clusters.
Example: ["Z:\datasets","/mynetwork/datasets"]
Data Types: string
| cell
TextType
— Output data type of text variables
"char"
(default) | "string"
Output data type of text variables, specified as the name-value
argument consisting of "TextType"
and either
"char"
or "string"
.
If the output table from the
read
,readall
, orpreview
functions contains text variables, then"TextType"
specifies the data type of those variables.If
"TextType"
is"char"
, then the output is a cell array of character vectors.If
"TextType"
is"string"
, then the output has typestring
.
Data Types: char
| string
In addition to these name-value pairs, you also can specify any of the
properties on this page as name-value pairs (except for the
Files
property).
Properties
SpreadsheetDatastore
properties describe the
format of the files in a datastore object, and control how the data is read from the
datastore. Except for the Files
property, you can specify the
value of SpreadsheetDatastore
properties using name-value pair
arguments when you create the datastore object. To view or modify a property after
creating the object, use the dot notation:
ds = spreadsheetDatastore("airlinesmall_subset.xlsx"); ds.Sheets = [1 2]; ds.Range = "A1:C6";
File Properties
Files
— Files included in datastore
cell array of character vectors | string array
Files included in the datastore, resolved as a cell array of character
vectors or a string array, where each character vector or string is a
full path to a file. The location
argument in the
spreadsheetDatastore
and
datastore
functions define these files.
The first file specified in the cell array determines the variable names and format information for all files in the datastore.
Example: ["C:\dir\data\file1.xls";"C:\dir\data\file2.xls"]
Data Types: cell
| string
NumHeaderLines
— Number of lines to skip
0
(default) | positive integer
Number of lines to skip at the beginning of each sheet when reading,
specified as a positive integer. When you also specify the
Range
property, NumHeaderLines
is the number of lines to skip at the beginning of the specified block
of data.
Data Types: double
Sheets
— Sheets in files
""
(default) | sheet names | sheet indices
Sheets in files, specified as a character vector, cell array of
character vectors, string scalar, or string array containing sheet
names, or as a numeric vector of sheet indices. The empty character
vector ''
indicates that all sheets in the files are
included.
Example: ["sheet1","sheet7"]
Example: [3 5 7]
Data Types: char
| cell
| string
| double
Range
— Row and column bounds
""
(default) | character vector | string scalar
Row and column bounds, specified as a character vector or string
scalar that defines a rectangular block of data in the sheets. The empty
character vector ''
indicates that the bounds are the
beginning of the file and the end of the data.
Example: "B1:T7"
Example: "A:C"
Data Types: char
| string
ReadVariableNames
— Indicator for reading variable names
true
(default) | false
| 1
| 0
Indicator for reading the first row of the first file in the datastore
as variable names, specified as either true
(1
) or false
(0
).
If
true
, then the first nonheader row of the first file determines the variable names for the data.If
false
, then the first nonheader row of the first file contains the first row of data. Default variable names are assigned asVar1
,Var2
, and so on.
Data Types: logical
| double
VariableNamingRule
— Flag to preserve variable names
"modify"
(default) | "preserve"
Flag to preserve variable names, specified as either "modify"
or
"preserve"
.
"modify"
— Convert invalid variable names (as determined by theisvarname
function) to valid MATLAB identifiers."preserve"
— Preserve variable names that are not valid MATLAB identifiers such as variable names that include spaces and non-ASCII characters.
Starting in R2019b, variable names and row names can include any characters, including
spaces and non-ASCII characters. Also, they can start with any characters, not just
letters. Variable and row names do not have to be valid MATLAB identifiers (as determined by the isvarname
function). To preserve these variable names and row names, set
the value of VariableNamingRule
to "preserve"
.
Variable names are not refreshed when the value of VariableNamingRule
is changed from "modify"
to "preserve"
.
Data Types: char
| string
VariableNames
— Names of variables
character vector | cell array of character vectors | string scalar | string array
Names of variables in the datastore, specified as a character vector, cell array of character
vectors, string scalar, or string array. Specify the variable names in the order in
which they appear in the files. If you do not specify the variable names, the datastore
detects them from the first nonheader line in the first file. You can specify
VariableNames
with a character vector or string scalar, however
the datastore converts and stores the property value to a cell array of character
vectors. When modifying the VariableNames
property, the number of new
variable names must match the number of original variable names.
To support invalid MATLAB identifiers as variable names, such as variable names containing spaces
and non-ASCII characters, set the value of the VariableNamingRule
parameter to "preserve"
.
If ReadVariableNames
is false
, then
VariableNames
defaults to ["Var1","Var2",
...]
.
Example: ["Time","Date","Quantity"]
Data Types: char
| cell
| string
VariableTypes
— Variable types
"double"
| "char"
| "string"
| "categorical"
| "datetime"
Variable types, specified as "double"
,
"char"
, "string"
,
"categorical"
, or "datetime"
,
which indicates the type of each variable when reading the data.
The list of variable types corresponds with the variables in
VariableNames
. Types double
,
char
, and datetime
can be
automatically detected from the data. You can specify
VariableTypes
as a character vector or string
scalar, however spreadsheetDatastore
automatically
converts it to a cell array of character vectors or a string
array.
Example: ["char","categorical"]
Data Types: char
| cell
| string
Properties for preview
, read
, readall
Table
SelectedVariableNames
— Variables to read
character vector | cell array of character vectors | string scalar | string array
Variables to read from the file, specified as a character vector, cell
array of character vectors, string scalar, or string array. Each
character vector or string contains the name of one variable. You can
specify the variable names in any order. You can specify
SelectedVariableNames
with a character vector or
string scalar, however spreadsheetDatastore
automatically converts it to a cell array of character vectors or a
string array.
To support invalid MATLAB identifiers as variable names, such as variable names
containing spaces and non-ASCII characters, set the value of
VariableNamingRule
parameter to
"preserve"
.
Example: ["Var3","Var7","Var4"]
Data Types: char
| cell
| string
SelectedVariableTypes
— Selected variable types
"double"
| "char"
| "string"
| "categorical"
| "datetime"
Selected variable types, specified as "double"
,
"char"
, "string"
,
"categorical"
, or "datetime"
,
which indicates the type of each selected variable when reading the
data. The list of variable types corresponds with the variables in
SelectedVariableNames
. Types
double
, char
, and
datetime
can be automatically detected from the
data. You can specify SelectedVariableTypes
as a
character vector or string scalar, however it is automatically converted
to a cell array of character vectors or string array.
Example: ["double","datetime"]
Data Types: char
| cell
| string
ReadSize
— Amount of data to read
"file"
(default) | "sheet"
| positive integer scalar
Amount of data to read in a call to the read
function, specified as "file"
or
"sheet"
, or as a positive integer scalar.
If
ReadSize
is"file"
, then each call toread
reads all the data one file at a time.If
ReadSize
is"sheet"
, then each call toread
reads all the data one sheet at a time.If
ReadSize
is a positive integer, then each call toread
reads the rows specified byReadSize
, or fewer if it reaches the end of the data.
When you change ReadSize
from an integer scalar to
"file"
or "sheet"
, or
conversely, the datastore resets using the reset
function.
Data Types: char
| string
| double
RowTimes
— Name of row times variable
variable name | variable index
Name of row times variable, specified as the name-value argument consisting of
"RowTimes"
and a variable name (such as
"Date"
) or a variable index (such as 3
).
RowTimes
is a timetable-related parameter. Each row of a timetable is
associated with a time, which is captured in a time vector for the timetable. The
variable specified in RowTimes
must contain a
datetime
or a duration
vector.
If the value of "OutputType"
is "timetable"
, but you do
not specify "RowTimes"
, then spreadsheetDatastore
uses the
first datetime
or duration
variable as the row
times for the timetable.
Properties for use by writeall
Folders
— Folders used to construct datastore
cell array of character vectors
This property is read-only.
Folders used to construct datastore, returned as a cell array of
character vectors. The cell array is oriented as a column vector. Each
character vector is a path to a folder that contains data files. The
location
argument in the
spreadsheetDatastore
and
datastore
functions defines
Folders
when the datastore is created.
The Folders
property is reset when you modify the
Files
property of a
SpreadsheetDatastore
object.
Data Types: cell
SupportedOutputFormats
— Formats supported for writing
string row vector
This property is read-only.
Formats supported for writing, returned as a row vector of strings. This property
specifies the possible output formats when using writeall
to write output files from the datastore.
DefaultOutputFormat
— Default output format
string scalar
This property is read-only.
Default output format, returned as a string scalar. This property specifies the default format
when using writeall
to write output files from the datastore.
Data Types: string
Object Functions
hasdata | Determine if data is available to read |
numpartitions | Number of datastore partitions |
partition | Partition a datastore |
preview | Preview subset of data in datastore |
read | Read data in datastore |
readall | Read all data in datastore |
writeall | Write datastore to files |
reset | Reset datastore to initial state |
sheetnames | Query sheet names from datastore |
transform | Transform datastore |
combine | Combine data from multiple datastores |
isPartitionable | Determine whether datastore is partitionable |
isSubsettable | Determine whether datastore is subsettable |
isShuffleable | Determine whether datastore is shuffleable |
Examples
Create SpreadsheetDatastore Object
Create a spreadsheetDatastore object using either a FileSet object or a file path.
Create a FileSet object. Create a spreadsheetDatastore object.
fs = matlab.io.datastore.FileSet("airlinesmall_subset.xlsx");
ssds = spreadsheetDatastore(fs)
ssds = SpreadsheetDatastore with properties: Files: { ' ...\Documents\MATLAB\Examples\airlinesmall_subset.xlsx' } Folders: { ' ...\Documents\MATLAB\Examples' } AlternateFileSystemRoots: {} Sheets: '' Range: '' Sheet Format Properties: NumHeaderLines: 0 VariableNamingRule: 'modify' ReadVariableNames: true VariableNames: {'Year', 'Month', 'DayofMonth' ... and 26 more} VariableTypes: {'double', 'double', 'double' ... and 26 more} Properties that control the table returned by preview, read, readall: SelectedVariableNames: {'Year', 'Month', 'DayofMonth' ... and 26 more} SelectedVariableTypes: {'double', 'double', 'double' ... and 26 more} ReadSize: 'file' OutputType: 'table' RowTimes: [] Write-specific Properties: SupportedOutputFormats: ["txt" "csv" "xlsx" "xls" "parquet" "parq"] DefaultOutputFormat: "xlsx"
Alternatively, you can specify your data with a file path.
ssds = spreadsheetDatastore("airlinesmall_subset.xlsx");
Read Spreadsheet File
Create a SpreadsheetDatastore
object
containing the file airlinesmall_subset.xlsx
.
ssds = spreadsheetDatastore("airlinesmall_subset.xlsx")
ssds = SpreadsheetDatastore with properties: Files: { ' ...\Documents\MATLAB\Examples\airlinesmall_subset.xlsx' } Folders: { ' ...\Documents\MATLAB\Examples' } AlternateFileSystemRoots: {} Sheets: '' Range: '' Sheet Format Properties: NumHeaderLines: 0 VariableNamingRule: 'modify' ReadVariableNames: true VariableNames: {'Year', 'Month', 'DayofMonth' ... and 26 more} VariableTypes: {'double', 'double', 'double' ... and 26 more} Properties that control the table returned by preview, read, readall: SelectedVariableNames: {'Year', 'Month', 'DayofMonth' ... and 26 more} SelectedVariableTypes: {'double', 'double', 'double' ... and 26 more} ReadSize: 'file' OutputType: 'table' RowTimes: [] Write-specific Properties: SupportedOutputFormats: ["txt" "csv" "xlsx" "xls" "parquet" "parq"] DefaultOutputFormat: "xlsx"
Display the sheet names for the file. The file contains one sheet per year.
sheetnames(ssds,1)
ans = 13x1 string
"1996"
"1997"
"1998"
"1999"
"2000"
"2001"
"2002"
"2003"
"2004"
"2005"
"2006"
"2007"
"2008"
Specify the variable FlightNum
in the second sheet as
the data of interest, and preview the first eight rows.
ssds.Sheets = 2;
ssds.SelectedVariableNames = "FlightNum";
preview(ssds)
ans=8×1 table
FlightNum
_________
1014
1201
702
1184
1310
1759
1242
1558
Read only the first three rows of variables DepTime
and
ArrTime
in the first sheet.
ssds.ReadSize = 3; ssds.Sheets = 1; ssds.SelectedVariableNames = ["DepTime","ArrTime"]; read(ssds)
ans=3×2 table
DepTime ArrTime
_______ _______
2117 2305
1252 1511
1441 1708
Read all of sheets four, five, and six.
ssds.Sheets = 4:6; readall(ssds);
Return Timetable from Spreadsheet Datastore
Use the OutputType
and RowTimes
name-value pairs to make SpreadsheetDatastore
return timetables instead of tables.
Create a datastore for tsunamis_dated.xlsx
. Specify "OutputType"
as "timetable"
so that SpreadsheetDatastore
returns timetables instead of tables.
ssds = spreadsheetDatastore("tsunamis_dated.xlsx","OutputType","timetable"); preview(ssds)
ans=8×15 timetable
Date Latitude Longitude ValidityCode Validity CauseCode Cause EarthquakeMagnitude Country Location MaxHeight IidaMagnitude Intensity NumDeaths DescDeaths Time
___________ ________ _________ ____________ ____________________ _________ ____________________________ ___________________ _____________ ____________________________ _________ _____________ _________ _________ __________ ________________________
04-Mar-1952 42.15 143.85 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 8.1 {'JAPAN' } {'SE. HOKKAIDO ISLAND' } 6.5 2.7 2 33 1 04-Mar-1952 01:22:41.000
10-Jul-1958 58.34 -136.52 4 {'definite tsunami'} 3 {'Earthquake and Landslide'} 8.3 {'USA' } {'SE. ALASKA, AK' } 524.26 4.6 5 5 1 10-Jul-1958 06:15:53.600
22-May-1960 -39.5 -74.5 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 9.5 {'CHILE' } {'CENTRAL CHILE' } 25 4.6 4 1260 3 22-May-1960 19:11:17.000
20-Nov-1960 -6.8 -80.7 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 6.8 {'PERU' } {'PERU' } 9 3.2 2.5 66 2 20-Nov-1960 22:01:56.400
28-Mar-1964 61.1 -147.5 4 {'definite tsunami'} 3 {'Earthquake and Landslide'} 9.2 {'USA' } {'PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, AK'} 67 6.1 5 221 3 28-Mar-1964 03:36:14.000
16-Jun-1964 38.65 139.2 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 7.5 {'JAPAN' } {'NW. HONSHU ISLAND' } 5.8 2.7 2 26 1 16-Jun-1964 04:01:44.300
14-Aug-1968 0.2 119.8 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 7.8 {'INDONESIA'} {'BANDA SEA' } 10 3.3 3 200 3 14-Aug-1968 22:14:19.400
23-Feb-1969 -3.1 118.9 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 6.9 {'INDONESIA'} {'MAKASSAR STRAIT' } 4 2 2 600 3 23-Feb-1969 00:36:56.600
When you do not specify "RowTimes"
, spreadsheetDatastore
uses the first datetime or duration variable as the row times. In this case, the Date
variable is used for the row times. This data has two datetime variables: Date
and Time
. The Date
variable does not include information about hours, minutes, or seconds, while the Time
variable has the specific time of each event.
Specify the "RowTimes"
option to use the event times (the Time
variable) as the row times.
ssds = spreadsheetDatastore("tsunamis_dated.xlsx","OutputType","timetable","RowTimes","Time"); preview(ssds)
ans=8×15 timetable
Time Latitude Longitude ValidityCode Validity CauseCode Cause EarthquakeMagnitude Country Location MaxHeight IidaMagnitude Intensity NumDeaths DescDeaths Date
________________________ ________ _________ ____________ ____________________ _________ ____________________________ ___________________ _____________ ____________________________ _________ _____________ _________ _________ __________ ___________
04-Mar-1952 01:22:41.000 42.15 143.85 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 8.1 {'JAPAN' } {'SE. HOKKAIDO ISLAND' } 6.5 2.7 2 33 1 04-Mar-1952
10-Jul-1958 06:15:53.600 58.34 -136.52 4 {'definite tsunami'} 3 {'Earthquake and Landslide'} 8.3 {'USA' } {'SE. ALASKA, AK' } 524.26 4.6 5 5 1 10-Jul-1958
22-May-1960 19:11:17.000 -39.5 -74.5 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 9.5 {'CHILE' } {'CENTRAL CHILE' } 25 4.6 4 1260 3 22-May-1960
20-Nov-1960 22:01:56.400 -6.8 -80.7 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 6.8 {'PERU' } {'PERU' } 9 3.2 2.5 66 2 20-Nov-1960
28-Mar-1964 03:36:14.000 61.1 -147.5 4 {'definite tsunami'} 3 {'Earthquake and Landslide'} 9.2 {'USA' } {'PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, AK'} 67 6.1 5 221 3 28-Mar-1964
16-Jun-1964 04:01:44.300 38.65 139.2 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 7.5 {'JAPAN' } {'NW. HONSHU ISLAND' } 5.8 2.7 2 26 1 16-Jun-1964
14-Aug-1968 22:14:19.400 0.2 119.8 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 7.8 {'INDONESIA'} {'BANDA SEA' } 10 3.3 3 200 3 14-Aug-1968
23-Feb-1969 00:36:56.600 -3.1 118.9 4 {'definite tsunami'} 1 {'Earthquake' } 6.9 {'INDONESIA'} {'MAKASSAR STRAIT' } 4 2 2 600 3 23-Feb-1969
Limitations
MATLAB does not support internet URLs that require authentication.
MATLAB Online™ supports internet URLs associated with Microsoft® OneDrive™ files and folders, while the installed version of MATLAB supports only local OneDrive files.
Version History
Introduced in R2016aR2024b: Read data over HTTP and HTTPS using datastore functions
You can read data from primary online sources by performing datastore operations over an internet URL.
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