{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-14T01:33:56.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2025-12-14T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":44035,"title":"determine the sum of the squares","description":"if x = 4, the solution will be: y = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2=1+4+9+16 = 30.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eif x = 4, the solution will be: y = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2=1+4+9+16 = 30.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function y = sum_square(x)\r\n y = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 4;\r\ny = 30;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n%%\r\nx = 6;\r\ny = 91;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n%%\r\nx = 5;\r\ny = 55;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n%%\r\nx = 15;\r\ny = 1240;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":108804,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":128,"test_suite_updated_at":"2017-01-22T22:33:23.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2017-01-22T22:14:42.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-21T11:05:07.000Z","published_at":"2017-01-22T22:14:42.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eif x = 4, the solution will be: y = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2=1+4+9+16 = 30.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":42653,"title":"Generate the sum of Squares of the given number","description":"|P(n) = 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2| \r\n\r\n|P(1) = 1|\r\n\r\n|P(2) = 1 + 4 = 5;|\r\n\r\n|P(3) = 5 + 9 = 14;|\r\n\r\n|P(4) = 14 + 16 = 30;|","description_html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(n) = 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(1) = 1\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(2) = 1 + 4 = 5;\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(3) = 5 + 9 = 14;\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(4) = 14 + 16 = 30;\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function sumValue = sumofsquares(num)\r\n sumValue = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 1;\r\ny_correct = 1;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 2;\r\ny_correct = 5;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 3;\r\ny_correct = 14;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 4;\r\ny_correct = 30;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":17852,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":105,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2015-10-06T08:57:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-17T09:20:23.000Z","published_at":"2015-10-06T08:58:27.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(n) = 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(1) = 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(2) = 1 + 4 = 5;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(3) = 5 + 9 = 14;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(4) = 14 + 16 = 30;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44716,"title":"Counting Squares","description":"An algorithm starts with a single square and on each of its next iterations adds new squares all around the outside as shown below.\r\n\r\n S \r\n S S S S \r\n S S S S S S S S S\r\n S S S S\r\n S\r\n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 \r\n\r\nHow many unit squares will there be after the nth iteration?","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eAn algorithm starts with a single square and on each of its next iterations adds new squares all around the outside as shown below.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e S \r\n S S S S \r\n S S S S S S S S S\r\n S S S S\r\n S\r\n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 \u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow many unit squares will there be after the nth iteration?\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function sq = Square(n)\r\n \r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(1),1))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(2),5))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(3),13))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(4),25))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(5),41))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(6),61))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(7),85))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(8),113))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(9),145))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(16),481))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(25),1201))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(49),4705))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(64),8065))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(81),12961))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(100),19801))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(500),499001))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(999),1994005))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":178544,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":37,"test_suite_updated_at":"2018-09-07T18:11:20.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2018-08-04T18:55:07.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-04T15:16:17.000Z","published_at":"2018-08-04T19:20:56.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eAn algorithm starts with a single square and on each of its next iterations adds new squares all around the outside as shown below.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ S \\n S S S S \\n S S S S S S S S S\\n S S S S\\n S\\n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eHow many unit squares will there be after the nth iteration?\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":60948,"title":"Check p² = 24k + 1, p \u003e 3, the 'golden prime squares' equation","description":"Historical context\r\nIn december 2023, I / Nicolas Douillet was working on prime squares properties and I found* the formula :\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nwhich I named the ‘Christmas eve equation'. From it I then wrote :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nand I named it the ‘golden prime squares equation’. These two formulas, which are actually the same one, can easily be proven starting from (note this last formula applies not only to prime numbers). \r\n \r\n* Apparently, I rediscovered it since I found it a posteriori on this excellent French math website : Site de Gérard Villemin\r\n \r\nProblem statement\r\nYour goal here is to check this formula for the first primes less or equal to a given integer m (input). To do so you will simply compute k in a vector. For the two first cases where the formula doesn’t apply -2 and 3- your function should return 0.\r\n \r\nExamples\r\n\r\nIf m = 20 then k = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15], since 5^2 = 24x1 + 1, 7^2 = 24x2 + 1, 11^2 = 24x5 + 1, etc…\r\n\r\nIf m = 40 then k = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57] ; \r\n \r\nFobidden functions\r\n \r\nregexp\r\nstr2num\r\nassignin\r\n \r\nSee also (my file exchange contributions using this equation) :\r\n\r\nIsprime optimus [FAST]\r\nPrime number spiral (my corresponding contribution on my file exchange)\r\nPrime numbers properties II","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 1019.47px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 408px 509.733px; transform-origin: 408px 509.733px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 58.725px 8px; transform-origin: 58.725px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eHistorical context\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 68.0583px 8px; transform-origin: 68.0583px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn december 2023, I / \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/profile/authors/8668631?s_tid=user_nav_comm\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eNicolas Douillet\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 210.05px 8px; transform-origin: 210.05px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e was working on prime squares properties and I found* the formula :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"251\" height=\"19\" style=\"width: 251px; height: 19px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 99.025px 8px; transform-origin: 99.025px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 58.7333px 8px; transform-origin: 58.7333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhich I named the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76.4167px 8px; transform-origin: 76.4167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e‘Christmas eve equation'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 68.0417px 8px; transform-origin: 68.0417px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. From it I then wrote :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"249\" height=\"19\" style=\"width: 249px; height: 19px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 57.95px 8px; transform-origin: 57.95px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand I named it the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 99.2167px 8px; transform-origin: 99.2167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e‘golden prime squares equation’\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 215.483px 8px; transform-origin: 215.483px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. These two formulas, which are actually the same one, can easily be proven starting from \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAN8AAAAkCAYAAAAJrO/2AAAHOklEQVR4Xu2cS8iuUxTHvzMnYURCGFBu5VpiIFFiQq4DnSKXgYEBoZNOJyGSZOASOsnAJUpKuYycjlxSLokBhcTILebO+mWvWmd/ez/P3s+7n/t+avW+3/s+l73/e/3Xdb/fjq16VAQqAqMgsGOUp9aHVgQqAluVfFUJKgIjIVDJNxLw9bEVgUq+qgMVgZEQqOQbCfj62IpAJd92HThHPjpB5CyRP0UermpSEdgQgdvl+vdFfrD3qeT7H40TRe4RuVLkb5G3RV4X+WxD0Ody+aUy0D0ib1Vj03nJfpUrj4pc/Z18for/XSXf1tajAsrdIv+KPC3yiMgfnZdgXhcq6c5zw75/xuTDgB7kWQZcCjwbuhM7griumXxHCFLviKB4v4ncJfLqgAs25qOY+70ix4mcLnLyAsj3sczh2JHWEa+3T+SFyKK+F/p8zeT71ikdHu+WFREPPYB8HHh4vN+7CyAfhvNaN48hjSle7zGRi0Wy0pS1ku9ZAerWBShcCe+5FPKBhR9GD0FCPO5hIttyurbFWSP5rLKxOKc6D9CG1VjfYyjOEHmiJ++8JPLpGoVISEHpmcKLaLHj1hRWPhShjtCaf+aSj6SWkEXdK+/PdhMKxrWFJ1vidoRYgMZBuECVc8oHlpW8tK9iyFjko6VD2KtKim4htHeywreGxfNJqEW1UmuuaxMawify4eVujsEhtpEPMG4ToQSvSTkku0GE6o7G2HrzO+RNaetSkhjM53tzw+vl/VUiF4pQJmZxPhJ5UcQvvqihof93pgjFCo7z3et18rrb4cR9snOAyESXQj6IcLXTJS3JY1A+EHlKRCuuwFASP+7XFwm57yUihJ0XubW3y8g80JWgF2wjn94IxXrF/fGavKKsuHHeHy7yhcgh7vtz5TXVcv0XUbicjzEGlyVe4JeECRO+EvnJAXijmcdz8h7DoweW+hoRa4jUG0FUMKE/qLkklk+JmTi84GlLIZ9OzubbYIzS7hYBQ6tnKO6hmwAXuLYvEuqjMO4PiVinRGpzdGgeqeSzSsvNdorYMLNrAWNo8mlPDywg3hUi1irh3faLNJXe7T1OcmBzP7w+YZTOKccoNOnY0sinVUnI9UtgDbQKDSY5hjyHp32TkPu/IaIOKRgRppLPlnEJ1fyQzCqk7zFyQOn7XBujx0JkG5qGrJbeA8+21xkije3ttaVC8KWRT3eCxEIyu0YhXSuhI76HYiz0fNWAlniGzaWDhjiVfP84FuMtLnAW3g7Qkq+vwkAJQOzCNlnVJutrPdtpMijCTfWeNmzCK7ZWvOQci90mc+zqJYYsuBC6f+omScoCXv6RukZdsPJJh3GlOY7OpqxV7jO1uBcMoVPIZwGLVQdtBZH8a6qVz9SFjYXRllwshG+ZNUII7uWLrNyayHefYEBOxBHTEzX0KCxFrRJb/UKke1nu3fdWQk3XOpPPAhazrgrY1PtmVtGbPEXMk1tShkIJDalKtjCWFHaqkY7piTX0JXLmsUindlajis7k08WPhZy2GJMbcg5dcEkdqyWf9W5N+YrN90p6/yWRT9c7FnLa2kLXMBrFH5t0Pvk653wKWKyQ0kbOpjh5aPJRzfzdDaipMKQezvabLLlCYGqEUNr7L4V8NrcMFVJYG1o+VAhj5GzLuXzS4TBeEmE9S4Svbc/3v1c96lTtbANMFa50UzR3kjnn21J3rI9kK5raq2vLVzSkUmKCHT3QTX8pMTXyMa8uu1BsNHFkgAyKXyzCaltjv430pFww5oYPNSakZMEtjG0FF5vj+IBpfA7x2Lkw1SKLv2g2rwiFyerh/Hk15SvWo2LlPncW1+8jtilQ6Pspkc8WrHI3EWgFOVSMUsMW6r2mYqYbnIcinWIR6nszZowuLajoL2bayGdL7pZ8VP2eF/lG5E6R1B0tqUD2fZ7N/WwIpE32Y2QA/MDWWk4tKoVCIr+nQwtiZyGD1Df5cnq0fpqQ2oezxsknnz6fNCBpQ3JEOdDJTaOMHL3T/F+vwfk8LkK0w29D2XJ2UxM3mshnAYPdX4t8KcIO+79E3hx4sjnApJyr+QF9Oo6f3St5h9/3seSKNc/VUOERHihEPIaEp2ZB6UOV7EWh6HarnGLG+NmZHyrD+22R1AKbbdHolj506HiRH0Uw5HMz4Ko/eDfdyQJP0KO9IhjpxjyziXwx75Ci2PWc5SOAF0ytSNoqZijfWz5agRk2ka8CNoxKjN1k7zJLIgFyq9QfkGqIlrP5IHdcNh/NvVbPTzUmXe9/0HVN5BsCsCKTmPlN5kY+wmDK9435jFkT26Lpc9/vYshnK4J9AjZz3qxu+OjFgyK7MnI026JJLdCsAtiY57MthlK781cBaJ3kNgRsxTx1s/kqYPTJp/88loqmPah+QciS1bZVALziSZIX3iyiv/gHCv4hMRXzUv/GYdbwtvX5Zj25OviKwJQRqOSb8urUsS0agUq+RS9vndyUETgAmGAFQ7sbfRsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" width=\"111.5\" height=\"18\" style=\"width: 111.5px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 182.033px 8px; transform-origin: 182.033px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (note this last formula applies not only to prime numbers). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 299.367px 8px; transform-origin: 299.367px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e* Apparently, I rediscovered it since I found it a posteriori on this excellent French math website : \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"/#null\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSite de Gérard Villemin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 63.0083px 8px; transform-origin: 63.0083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eProblem statement\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 233.5px 8px; transform-origin: 233.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eYour goal here is to check this formula for the first primes less or equal to a \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 45.4917px 8px; transform-origin: 45.4917px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003egiven integer \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 8.16667px 8px; transform-origin: 8.16667px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003em \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 97.8417px 8px; transform-origin: 97.8417px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(input). To do so you will simply compute \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.5px 8px; transform-origin: 3.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003ek\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 211.575px 8px; transform-origin: 211.575px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e in a vector. For the two first cases where the formula doesn’t apply -\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 15.5583px 8px; transform-origin: 15.5583px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 94.9083px 8px; transform-origin: 94.9083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e- your function should return 0.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32.675px 8px; transform-origin: 32.675px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eExamples\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 392px 10.2167px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 5.825px 8px; transform-origin: 5.825px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIf \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.9833px 8px; transform-origin: 21.9833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003em = 20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 13.6167px 8px; transform-origin: 13.6167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ethen\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 82.6333px 8px; transform-origin: 82.6333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.88333px 8px; transform-origin: 3.88333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 18.2833px 8px; transform-origin: 18.2833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003esince \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 26.4333px 8px; transform-origin: 26.4333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 46.075px 8px; transform-origin: 46.075px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e + 1, 7^2 = 24x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 15.75px 8px; transform-origin: 15.75px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e + 1, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 7.4px 8px; transform-origin: 7.4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 26.4333px 8px; transform-origin: 26.4333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 32.0833px 8px; transform-origin: 32.0833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e + 1, etc…\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 392px 10.2167px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 5.825px 8px; transform-origin: 5.825px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIf \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.9833px 8px; transform-origin: 21.9833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003em = 40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 13.6167px 8px; transform-origin: 13.6167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ethen\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 133.575px 8px; transform-origin: 133.575px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57] ;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 64.9167px 8px; transform-origin: 64.9167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eFobidden functions\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 30.65px; transform-origin: 392px 30.65px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.4px 8px; transform-origin: 21.4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003eregexp\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 25.2833px 8px; transform-origin: 25.2833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003estr2num\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 25.6833px 8px; transform-origin: 25.6833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003eassignin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 28.3917px 8px; transform-origin: 28.3917px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eSee also\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 161.05px 8px; transform-origin: 161.05px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(my file exchange contributions using this equation) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 30.65px; transform-origin: 392px 30.65px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171714-isprime-optimus-fast?s_tid=srchtitle\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003eIsprime optimus [FAST]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171709-prime-numbers-spiral?s_tid=prof_contriblnk\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePrime number spiral (my corresponding contribution on my file exchange)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/groups/95759\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePrime numbers properties II\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function k = golden_prime_squares(m)\r\n\r\n k = m;\r\n \r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nm = 4;\r\nk_correct = [0, 0];\r\nassert(isequal(golden_prime_squares(m),k_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nm = 20;\r\nk_correct = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15];\r\nassert(isequal(golden_prime_squares(m),k_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nm = 40;\r\nk_correct = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57];\r\nassert(isequal(golden_prime_squares(m),k_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Forbidden functions\r\nfiletext = fileread('golden_prime_squares.m');\r\nillegal = contains(filetext, 'regexp') || contains(filetext, 'str2num') || contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'echo')\r\nassert(~illegal);","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":149128,"edited_by":149128,"edited_at":"2025-07-26T06:55:57.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":22,"test_suite_updated_at":"2025-07-09T05:55:18.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-06-27T16:53:40.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-11T11:59:56.000Z","published_at":"2025-06-27T17:08:17.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eHistorical context\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn december 2023, I / \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/profile/authors/8668631?s_tid=user_nav_comm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNicolas Douillet\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e was working on prime squares properties and I found* the formula :\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\\forall p \\\\in \\\\mathbb{p}, p \\\\geq 5 \\\\Rightarrow \\\\exists k \\\\in \\\\mathbb{N}, \\\\mathbf{p^2 = 24k + 25}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhich I named the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e‘Christmas eve equation'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. From it I then wrote :\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\\forall p \\\\in \\\\mathbb{p}, p \\\\geq 5 \\\\Rightarrow \\\\exists k \\\\in \\\\mathbb{N}^*, \\\\mathbf{p^2 = 24k + 1}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand I named it the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e‘golden prime squares equation’\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. These two formulas, which are actually the same one, can easily be proven starting from \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ep = 6n \\\\pm 1, p \\\\geq 5\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (note this last formula applies not only to prime numbers). \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e* Apparently, I rediscovered it since I found it a posteriori on this excellent French math website : \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSite de Gérard Villemin\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eProblem statement\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour goal here is to check this formula for the first primes less or equal to a \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003egiven integer \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003em \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(input). To do so you will simply compute \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e in a vector. For the two first cases where the formula doesn’t apply -\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e3\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e- your function should return 0.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExamples\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003em = 20\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethen\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15]\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esince \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e5\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e + 1, 7^2 = 24x\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e + 1, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e11\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e5\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e + 1, etc…\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003em = 40\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethen\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57] ;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFobidden functions\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc 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w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee also\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(my file exchange contributions using this equation) \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171714-isprime-optimus-fast?s_tid=srchtitle\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIsprime optimus [FAST]\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171709-prime-numbers-spiral?s_tid=prof_contriblnk\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrime number spiral (my corresponding contribution on my file exchange)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/groups/95759\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrime numbers properties II\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":45171,"title":"Squares in Squares - Concentric Squares","description":"Given a number, n, create an n x n sized matrix with concentric squares of 1s from the outside in. There should be a gap between each square (represented by 0s). \r\n\r\nIf n is even, the centre of the matrix should be a 2 x 2 square of 0s or 1s, if it is odd it should be a 1 x 1 square. \r\n\r\nThe function should return the square matrix, S, and the number of squares, Sn, (in some cases this may only be one).\r\n\r\n e.g. n = 7\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a number, n, create an n x n sized matrix with concentric squares of 1s from the outside in. There should be a gap between each square (represented by 0s).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf n is even, the centre of the matrix should be a 2 x 2 square of 0s or 1s, if it is odd it should be a 1 x 1 square.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe function should return the square matrix, S, and the number of squares, Sn, (in some cases this may only be one).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003ee.g. n = 7\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function [S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n)\r\n S = ones(n);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nn = 7;\r\nS_correct = ...\r\n [1 1 1 1 1 1 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1];\r\nSn_correct = 2;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 2;\r\nS_correct = [1 1; 1 1];\r\nSn_correct = 1;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 1;\r\nS_correct = 1;\r\nSn_correct = 1;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 10;\r\nSn_correct = 3;\r\n[~,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 6;\r\nS_correct = ...\r\n [1 1 1 1 1 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1];\r\nSn_correct = 2;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":162339,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":16,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-10-11T10:40:01.000Z","updated_at":"2019-10-11T10:40:01.000Z","published_at":"2019-10-11T10:40:01.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a number, n, create an n x n sized matrix with concentric squares of 1s from the outside in. There should be a gap between each square (represented by 0s).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf n is even, the centre of the matrix should be a 2 x 2 square of 0s or 1s, if it is odd it should be a 1 x 1 square.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe function should return the square matrix, S, and the number of squares, Sn, (in some cases this may only be one).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[e.g. n = 7\\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1\\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":52497,"title":"Easy Sequences 3: Prime 44-number Squares","description":"The positive integers 62 and 238 are related. Their squares (3844 and 56,644) both end in '44'. In fact, 62 and 238 are the 3rd and 10th positive integers, respectively, that have this property. We will call a positive number whose square ends in '44' as a \"44-number\".\r\nIf 'x' is the nth 44-number, we define the function 'S(n)' to be the sum of the digits of 'x^2' but excluding the ending '44'. So in the cases above, S(3) = 11 and S(10) = 17. We noticed that both of these sums are primes.We define 'P(n)' as the number of prime S(n)'s among the first 'n' 44-numbers. Write a function that returns P(n), given that P(3) = 2 and P(10) = 5.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 156px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 78px; transform-origin: 407px 78px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 377.5px 8px; transform-origin: 377.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe positive integers 62 and 238 are related. Their squares (3844 and 56,644) both end in '44'. In fact, 62 and 238 are the 3rd and 10th positive integers, respectively, that have this property. We will call a positive number whose square ends in '44' as a \"44-number\".\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 382.5px 8px; transform-origin: 382.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIf 'x' is the nth 44-number, we define the function 'S(n)' to be the sum of the digits of 'x^2' but excluding the ending '44'. So in the cases above, S(3) = 11 and S(10) = 17. We noticed that both of these sums are primes.We define 'P(n)' as the number of prime S(n)'s among the first 'n' 44-numbers. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 117px 8px; transform-origin: 117px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eWrite a function that returns P(n),\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76.5px 8px; transform-origin: 76.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e given that P(3) = 2 and P(10) = 5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function prime_count = P(x)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = [1 3 10 15 20];\r\ny_correct = [0 2 5 8 11];\r\nassert(isequal(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 1:20;\r\ny_correct = 108;\r\nassert(isequal(sum(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x)),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = arrayfun(@(i) P(i),15:30);\r\ny_correct = 118;\r\nassert(isequal(sum(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x)),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 25:100;\r\ny_correct = 3077;\r\nassert(isequal(sum(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x)),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = floor(sqrt(double(intmax)));\r\ny_correct = 17862;\r\nassert(isequal(P(x),y_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":255988,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":32,"test_suite_updated_at":"2021-08-12T04:00:36.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":true,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2021-08-11T10:45:05.000Z","updated_at":"2025-11-30T19:35:26.000Z","published_at":"2021-08-11T19:07:08.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe positive integers 62 and 238 are related. Their squares (3844 and 56,644) both end in '44'. In fact, 62 and 238 are the 3rd and 10th positive integers, respectively, that have this property. We will call a positive number whose square ends in '44' as a \\\"44-number\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf 'x' is the nth 44-number, we define the function 'S(n)' to be the sum of the digits of 'x^2' but excluding the ending '44'. So in the cases above, S(3) = 11 and S(10) = 17. We noticed that both of these sums are primes.We define 'P(n)' as the number of prime S(n)'s among the first 'n' 44-numbers. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function that returns P(n),\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e given that P(3) = 2 and P(10) = 5.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"problem_search":{"errors":[],"problems":[{"id":44035,"title":"determine the sum of the squares","description":"if x = 4, the solution will be: y = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2=1+4+9+16 = 30.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eif x = 4, the solution will be: y = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2=1+4+9+16 = 30.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function y = sum_square(x)\r\n y = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 4;\r\ny = 30;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n%%\r\nx = 6;\r\ny = 91;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n%%\r\nx = 5;\r\ny = 55;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n%%\r\nx = 15;\r\ny = 1240;\r\nassert(isequal(sum_square(x),y))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":108804,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":128,"test_suite_updated_at":"2017-01-22T22:33:23.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2017-01-22T22:14:42.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-21T11:05:07.000Z","published_at":"2017-01-22T22:14:42.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eif x = 4, the solution will be: y = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2=1+4+9+16 = 30.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":42653,"title":"Generate the sum of Squares of the given number","description":"|P(n) = 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2| \r\n\r\n|P(1) = 1|\r\n\r\n|P(2) = 1 + 4 = 5;|\r\n\r\n|P(3) = 5 + 9 = 14;|\r\n\r\n|P(4) = 14 + 16 = 30;|","description_html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(n) = 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(1) = 1\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(2) = 1 + 4 = 5;\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(3) = 5 + 9 = 14;\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eP(4) = 14 + 16 = 30;\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function sumValue = sumofsquares(num)\r\n sumValue = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 1;\r\ny_correct = 1;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 2;\r\ny_correct = 5;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 3;\r\ny_correct = 14;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 4;\r\ny_correct = 30;\r\nassert(isequal(sumofsquares(x),y_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":17852,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":105,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2015-10-06T08:57:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-17T09:20:23.000Z","published_at":"2015-10-06T08:58:27.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(n) = 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(1) = 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(2) = 1 + 4 = 5;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(3) = 5 + 9 = 14;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP(4) = 14 + 16 = 30;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44716,"title":"Counting Squares","description":"An algorithm starts with a single square and on each of its next iterations adds new squares all around the outside as shown below.\r\n\r\n S \r\n S S S S \r\n S S S S S S S S S\r\n S S S S\r\n S\r\n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 \r\n\r\nHow many unit squares will there be after the nth iteration?","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eAn algorithm starts with a single square and on each of its next iterations adds new squares all around the outside as shown below.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e S \r\n S S S S \r\n S S S S S S S S S\r\n S S S S\r\n S\r\n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 \u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow many unit squares will there be after the nth iteration?\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function sq = Square(n)\r\n \r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(1),1))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(2),5))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(3),13))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(4),25))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(5),41))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(6),61))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(7),85))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(8),113))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(9),145))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(16),481))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(25),1201))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(49),4705))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(64),8065))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(81),12961))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(100),19801))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(500),499001))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nassert(isequal(Square(999),1994005))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":178544,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":37,"test_suite_updated_at":"2018-09-07T18:11:20.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2018-08-04T18:55:07.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-04T15:16:17.000Z","published_at":"2018-08-04T19:20:56.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eAn algorithm starts with a single square and on each of its next iterations adds new squares all around the outside as shown below.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ S \\n S S S S \\n S S S S S S S S S\\n S S S S\\n S\\n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eHow many unit squares will there be after the nth iteration?\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":60948,"title":"Check p² = 24k + 1, p \u003e 3, the 'golden prime squares' equation","description":"Historical context\r\nIn december 2023, I / Nicolas Douillet was working on prime squares properties and I found* the formula :\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nwhich I named the ‘Christmas eve equation'. From it I then wrote :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nand I named it the ‘golden prime squares equation’. These two formulas, which are actually the same one, can easily be proven starting from (note this last formula applies not only to prime numbers). \r\n \r\n* Apparently, I rediscovered it since I found it a posteriori on this excellent French math website : Site de Gérard Villemin\r\n \r\nProblem statement\r\nYour goal here is to check this formula for the first primes less or equal to a given integer m (input). To do so you will simply compute k in a vector. For the two first cases where the formula doesn’t apply -2 and 3- your function should return 0.\r\n \r\nExamples\r\n\r\nIf m = 20 then k = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15], since 5^2 = 24x1 + 1, 7^2 = 24x2 + 1, 11^2 = 24x5 + 1, etc…\r\n\r\nIf m = 40 then k = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57] ; \r\n \r\nFobidden functions\r\n \r\nregexp\r\nstr2num\r\nassignin\r\n \r\nSee also (my file exchange contributions using this equation) :\r\n\r\nIsprime optimus [FAST]\r\nPrime number spiral (my corresponding contribution on my file exchange)\r\nPrime numbers properties II","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 1019.47px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 408px 509.733px; transform-origin: 408px 509.733px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 58.725px 8px; transform-origin: 58.725px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eHistorical context\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 68.0583px 8px; transform-origin: 68.0583px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn december 2023, I / \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/profile/authors/8668631?s_tid=user_nav_comm\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eNicolas Douillet\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 210.05px 8px; transform-origin: 210.05px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e was working on prime squares properties and I found* the formula :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"251\" height=\"19\" style=\"width: 251px; height: 19px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 99.025px 8px; transform-origin: 99.025px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 58.7333px 8px; transform-origin: 58.7333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhich I named the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76.4167px 8px; transform-origin: 76.4167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e‘Christmas eve equation'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 68.0417px 8px; transform-origin: 68.0417px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. From it I then wrote :\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"249\" height=\"19\" style=\"width: 249px; height: 19px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 57.95px 8px; transform-origin: 57.95px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand I named it the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 99.2167px 8px; transform-origin: 99.2167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e‘golden prime squares equation’\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 215.483px 8px; transform-origin: 215.483px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. These two formulas, which are actually the same one, can easily be proven starting from \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"111.5\" height=\"18\" style=\"width: 111.5px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 182.033px 8px; transform-origin: 182.033px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (note this last formula applies not only to prime numbers). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 299.367px 8px; transform-origin: 299.367px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e* Apparently, I rediscovered it since I found it a posteriori on this excellent French math website : \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"/#null\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSite de Gérard Villemin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 63.0083px 8px; transform-origin: 63.0083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eProblem statement\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 233.5px 8px; transform-origin: 233.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eYour goal here is to check this formula for the first primes less or equal to a \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 45.4917px 8px; transform-origin: 45.4917px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003egiven integer \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 8.16667px 8px; transform-origin: 8.16667px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003em \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 97.8417px 8px; transform-origin: 97.8417px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(input). To do so you will simply compute \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.5px 8px; transform-origin: 3.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003ek\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 211.575px 8px; transform-origin: 211.575px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e in a vector. For the two first cases where the formula doesn’t apply -\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 15.5583px 8px; transform-origin: 15.5583px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 94.9083px 8px; transform-origin: 94.9083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e- your function should return 0.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32.675px 8px; transform-origin: 32.675px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eExamples\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 392px 10.2167px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 5.825px 8px; transform-origin: 5.825px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIf \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.9833px 8px; transform-origin: 21.9833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003em = 20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 13.6167px 8px; transform-origin: 13.6167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ethen\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 82.6333px 8px; transform-origin: 82.6333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.88333px 8px; transform-origin: 3.88333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 18.2833px 8px; transform-origin: 18.2833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003esince \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 26.4333px 8px; transform-origin: 26.4333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 46.075px 8px; transform-origin: 46.075px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e + 1, 7^2 = 24x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 15.75px 8px; transform-origin: 15.75px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e + 1, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 7.4px 8px; transform-origin: 7.4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 26.4333px 8px; transform-origin: 26.4333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.89167px 8px; transform-origin: 3.89167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 32.0833px 8px; transform-origin: 32.0833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e + 1, etc…\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 392px 10.2167px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 5.825px 8px; transform-origin: 5.825px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIf \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.9833px 8px; transform-origin: 21.9833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003em = 40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 13.6167px 8px; transform-origin: 13.6167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ethen\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 133.575px 8px; transform-origin: 133.575px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; \"\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57] ;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 64.9167px 8px; transform-origin: 64.9167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eFobidden functions\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 30.65px; transform-origin: 392px 30.65px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.4px 8px; transform-origin: 21.4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003eregexp\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 25.2833px 8px; transform-origin: 25.2833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003estr2num\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 25.6833px 8px; transform-origin: 25.6833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003eassignin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 28.3917px 8px; transform-origin: 28.3917px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eSee also\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 161.05px 8px; transform-origin: 161.05px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(my file exchange contributions using this equation) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 385px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 385px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8px; transform-origin: 0px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 392px 30.65px; transform-origin: 392px 30.65px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171714-isprime-optimus-fast?s_tid=srchtitle\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic; \"\u003eIsprime optimus [FAST]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171709-prime-numbers-spiral?s_tid=prof_contriblnk\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePrime number spiral (my corresponding contribution on my file exchange)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 364px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 364px 10.2167px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/groups/95759\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePrime numbers properties II\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function k = golden_prime_squares(m)\r\n\r\n k = m;\r\n \r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nm = 4;\r\nk_correct = [0, 0];\r\nassert(isequal(golden_prime_squares(m),k_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nm = 20;\r\nk_correct = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15];\r\nassert(isequal(golden_prime_squares(m),k_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nm = 40;\r\nk_correct = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57];\r\nassert(isequal(golden_prime_squares(m),k_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Forbidden functions\r\nfiletext = fileread('golden_prime_squares.m');\r\nillegal = contains(filetext, 'regexp') || contains(filetext, 'str2num') || contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'echo')\r\nassert(~illegal);","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":149128,"edited_by":149128,"edited_at":"2025-07-26T06:55:57.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":22,"test_suite_updated_at":"2025-07-09T05:55:18.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-06-27T16:53:40.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-11T11:59:56.000Z","published_at":"2025-06-27T17:08:17.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eHistorical context\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn december 2023, I / \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/profile/authors/8668631?s_tid=user_nav_comm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNicolas Douillet\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e was working on prime squares properties and I found* the formula :\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\\forall p \\\\in \\\\mathbb{p}, p \\\\geq 5 \\\\Rightarrow \\\\exists k \\\\in \\\\mathbb{N}, \\\\mathbf{p^2 = 24k + 25}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhich I named the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e‘Christmas eve equation'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. From it I then wrote :\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\\forall p \\\\in \\\\mathbb{p}, p \\\\geq 5 \\\\Rightarrow \\\\exists k \\\\in \\\\mathbb{N}^*, \\\\mathbf{p^2 = 24k + 1}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand I named it the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e‘golden prime squares equation’\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. These two formulas, which are actually the same one, can easily be proven starting from \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ep = 6n \\\\pm 1, p \\\\geq 5\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (note this last formula applies not only to prime numbers). \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e* Apparently, I rediscovered it since I found it a posteriori on this excellent French math website : \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSite de Gérard Villemin\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eProblem statement\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour goal here is to check this formula for the first primes less or equal to a \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003egiven integer \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003em \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(input). To do so you will simply compute \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e in a vector. For the two first cases where the formula doesn’t apply -\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e3\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e- your function should return 0.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExamples\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003em = 20\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethen\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15]\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esince \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e5\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e + 1, 7^2 = 24x\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e + 1, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e11\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e^2 = 24x\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e5\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e + 1, etc…\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003em = 40\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethen\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek = [0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 22, 35, 40, 57] ;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFobidden functions\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc 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w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee also\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(my file exchange contributions using this equation) \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171714-isprime-optimus-fast?s_tid=srchtitle\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIsprime optimus [FAST]\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/171709-prime-numbers-spiral?s_tid=prof_contriblnk\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrime number spiral (my corresponding contribution on my file exchange)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/groups/95759\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrime numbers properties II\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":45171,"title":"Squares in Squares - Concentric Squares","description":"Given a number, n, create an n x n sized matrix with concentric squares of 1s from the outside in. There should be a gap between each square (represented by 0s). \r\n\r\nIf n is even, the centre of the matrix should be a 2 x 2 square of 0s or 1s, if it is odd it should be a 1 x 1 square. \r\n\r\nThe function should return the square matrix, S, and the number of squares, Sn, (in some cases this may only be one).\r\n\r\n e.g. n = 7\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a number, n, create an n x n sized matrix with concentric squares of 1s from the outside in. There should be a gap between each square (represented by 0s).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf n is even, the centre of the matrix should be a 2 x 2 square of 0s or 1s, if it is odd it should be a 1 x 1 square.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe function should return the square matrix, S, and the number of squares, Sn, (in some cases this may only be one).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003ee.g. n = 7\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function [S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n)\r\n S = ones(n);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nn = 7;\r\nS_correct = ...\r\n [1 1 1 1 1 1 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1];\r\nSn_correct = 2;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 2;\r\nS_correct = [1 1; 1 1];\r\nSn_correct = 1;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 1;\r\nS_correct = 1;\r\nSn_correct = 1;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 10;\r\nSn_correct = 3;\r\n[~,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));\r\n\r\n%%\r\nn = 6;\r\nS_correct = ...\r\n [1 1 1 1 1 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 1 1 0 1;\r\n 1 0 0 0 0 1;\r\n 1 1 1 1 1 1];\r\nSn_correct = 2;\r\n[S,Sn] = squaresinsquares(n);\r\nassert(isequal(S,S_correct));\r\nassert(isequal(Sn,Sn_correct));","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":162339,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":16,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-10-11T10:40:01.000Z","updated_at":"2019-10-11T10:40:01.000Z","published_at":"2019-10-11T10:40:01.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a number, n, create an n x n sized matrix with concentric squares of 1s from the outside in. There should be a gap between each square (represented by 0s).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf n is even, the centre of the matrix should be a 2 x 2 square of 0s or 1s, if it is odd it should be a 1 x 1 square.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe function should return the square matrix, S, and the number of squares, Sn, (in some cases this may only be one).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[e.g. n = 7\\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\\n 1 0 1 0 1 0 1\\n 1 0 1 1 1 0 1\\n 1 0 0 0 0 0 1\\n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":52497,"title":"Easy Sequences 3: Prime 44-number Squares","description":"The positive integers 62 and 238 are related. Their squares (3844 and 56,644) both end in '44'. In fact, 62 and 238 are the 3rd and 10th positive integers, respectively, that have this property. We will call a positive number whose square ends in '44' as a \"44-number\".\r\nIf 'x' is the nth 44-number, we define the function 'S(n)' to be the sum of the digits of 'x^2' but excluding the ending '44'. So in the cases above, S(3) = 11 and S(10) = 17. We noticed that both of these sums are primes.We define 'P(n)' as the number of prime S(n)'s among the first 'n' 44-numbers. Write a function that returns P(n), given that P(3) = 2 and P(10) = 5.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 156px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 78px; transform-origin: 407px 78px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 377.5px 8px; transform-origin: 377.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe positive integers 62 and 238 are related. Their squares (3844 and 56,644) both end in '44'. In fact, 62 and 238 are the 3rd and 10th positive integers, respectively, that have this property. We will call a positive number whose square ends in '44' as a \"44-number\".\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 382.5px 8px; transform-origin: 382.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIf 'x' is the nth 44-number, we define the function 'S(n)' to be the sum of the digits of 'x^2' but excluding the ending '44'. So in the cases above, S(3) = 11 and S(10) = 17. We noticed that both of these sums are primes.We define 'P(n)' as the number of prime S(n)'s among the first 'n' 44-numbers. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 117px 8px; transform-origin: 117px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eWrite a function that returns P(n),\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76.5px 8px; transform-origin: 76.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e given that P(3) = 2 and P(10) = 5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function prime_count = P(x)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = [1 3 10 15 20];\r\ny_correct = [0 2 5 8 11];\r\nassert(isequal(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 1:20;\r\ny_correct = 108;\r\nassert(isequal(sum(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x)),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = arrayfun(@(i) P(i),15:30);\r\ny_correct = 118;\r\nassert(isequal(sum(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x)),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = 25:100;\r\ny_correct = 3077;\r\nassert(isequal(sum(arrayfun(@(i) P(i),x)),y_correct))\r\n%%\r\nx = floor(sqrt(double(intmax)));\r\ny_correct = 17862;\r\nassert(isequal(P(x),y_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":255988,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":32,"test_suite_updated_at":"2021-08-12T04:00:36.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":true,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2021-08-11T10:45:05.000Z","updated_at":"2025-11-30T19:35:26.000Z","published_at":"2021-08-11T19:07:08.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe positive integers 62 and 238 are related. Their squares (3844 and 56,644) both end in '44'. In fact, 62 and 238 are the 3rd and 10th positive integers, respectively, that have this property. We will call a positive number whose square ends in '44' as a \\\"44-number\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf 'x' is the nth 44-number, we define the function 'S(n)' to be the sum of the digits of 'x^2' but excluding the ending '44'. So in the cases above, S(3) = 11 and S(10) = 17. We noticed that both of these sums are primes.We define 'P(n)' as the number of prime S(n)'s among the first 'n' 44-numbers. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function that returns P(n),\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e given that P(3) = 2 and P(10) = 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