{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-14T01:33:56.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2025-12-14T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":60803,"title":"Battery Charge Efficiency Calculation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula:\r\n\r\nwhere: \r\n is the energy stored in the battery during charging (in watt-hours, Wh)\r\n​ is the total energy supplied to the battery (in watt-hours, Wh)\r\nEfficiency is expressed as a percentage (%)\r\nWrite a function to calculate the charging efficiency of a battery given the stored energy and input energy.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 269.312px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 134.65px; transform-origin: 407px 134.656px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 45.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"177\" height=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 177px;height: 40px\" 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height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 47px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis the energy stored in the battery during charging (in watt-hours, Wh)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 13.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 13.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 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src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the total energy supplied to the battery (in watt-hours, Wh)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEfficiency is expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to calculate the charging efficiency of a battery given the stored energy and input energy.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function efficiency = calculateEfficiency(E_charge, E_input)\r\n    % Calculate charging efficiency of the battery\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 3: Perfect efficiency\r\nassert(calculateEfficiency(100, 100) == 100)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Zero stored energy (inefficient charging)\r\nassert(calculateEfficiency(0, 50) == 0)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Basic efficiency calculation\r\nassert(calculateEfficiency(80, 100) == 80)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":316,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:49:50.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:08:27.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:49:50.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"40\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"177\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e 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w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"38\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the total energy supplied to the battery (in watt-hours, Wh)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEfficiency is expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to calculate the charging efficiency of a battery given the stored energy and input energy.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId3\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60804,"title":"Battery State of Health (SoH) Calculation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is calculated by comparing the current capacity of the battery with its original capacity. The formula to calculate the State of Health is:\r\n\r\nwhere: \r\n is the current capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\r\n​ is the original capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\r\n is expressed as a percentage (%)\r\nWrite a function to compute the battery's State of Health based on its current and original capacity.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 311.913px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 155.95px; transform-origin: 407px 155.956px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is calculated by comparing the current capacity of the battery with its original capacity. The formula to calculate the State of Health is:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.4px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.4px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"137\" height=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 137px;height: 39px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; 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display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis the current capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 13.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 13.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; 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display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the original capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 24.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 12.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 12.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 12.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 12.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 26px;height: 18px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to compute the battery's State of Health based on its current and original capacity.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function SoH = calculateStateOfHealth(C_current, C_original)\r\n    % Calculate State of Health of the battery\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: New battery (100% of original capacity)\r\nassert(calculateStateOfHealth(100, 100) == 100)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Battery with lower capacity\r\nassert(calculateStateOfHealth(50, 100) == 50)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Battery with 75% of original capacity\r\nassert(calculateStateOfHealth(75, 100) == 75)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":296,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T11:00:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:58:07.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T11:00:54.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is calculated by comparing the current capacity of the battery with its original capacity. The formula to calculate the State of Health is:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"39\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"137\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"50\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis the current capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"53\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the original capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"26\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId4\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to compute the battery's State of Health based on its current and original capacity.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId3\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId4\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKsAAAAxCAMAAACSy6kOAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAALdQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjoAOjo6OjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZjo6ZjqQZmY6ZmaQZma2ZpC2ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGY6kJC2kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6tpBmttuQttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625Bm25CQ27Zm27aQ29u22/+22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bliZ00AAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAADrElEQVRoQ+1ZiXKbMBBFNL6SOE7r1unlQNwEcBvHNHZqMPz/d3XfrgDTyWFMIsZTayZGAh1Pe2n1YlmHcpBAPQmsJ12lji7rTWJmdNxtz6yFcsysVmuVZNheWVbyaV5rFjODfdszs1D9VZJhp/4khmaI9sJQRRj+u30wVIaauvCs/Si7Yo2asHKxAf9DNdGmbsUB1aZ/onekxlY65bi1HCnlpC7Vk48ePW8C1dEPy4pHysZLL1DtVTJUSjWA9jcO2AEZbWRfp1fe8tZ1rPh4fn/r9r3Q0Q98JOFziz6iw6tIasdJUsKIghMsJGtMhtyWB3S+6JHAqRWRN+KvwZKJiryGrVHDkUdMwu9f00uybth2Vfsu7Wt9QRbUn22+i+iNQ5LY0rJiElsIGJ00UM79HLKlIo/42LMW5yu0SP73d66z/va0ZJcXcmynE6XOGFNRw77f00T/hPVQIc+Lu53t9BUoewxwqnXj2+Rj7DuZw9NHWgGt1LcvrUC1njTY9UgJEMTDtYt6UaPXPjQVn5VBCXbTh2g8mGmhRYguvHxRK58+ixORD22G1Reaz6M0Vg7dnBsVNciV1S3QrnXinAyhxV0PppI3vNgoq1SwyspIj4saJkpGiiyfrZMASp4H30LJT0Nfv1AU1V9cvUqH4Pufzw+T4mKxiRU4BWsuNXI0Di4b0pYRcfeZy0kOfueKbGn5pYeIlpUXsMJ/SaJioyxc8Tcj5pr+PD39uhEvyzaAMCfWkGuYq2Kj7HZS1Yh5x29nA+PkERvIdIyYLV4GQAjhUuUf2YYo39AV5THfIk0jXOGnqBHsGYVoSe7IkgN2HZ8vJ1ET6ZAOk+UQoF1rekK+MWCDoYAgR22ocHrgHDd88U/BjKgjhHg6wRQyuM1alfiy130PDNFbqO/AEL2FVE2F31fBbjq5rQP6f2GIoiLbrCOubcc+k4iHpVt1uaWnr3WZ3RZi0W83hkjGZ4RC9VV3G7HBEC26quURgIwaQv6TTrvq9Bwv+QvzQ5ZFPY/6c/O0/QZD5FlBe5VxQsJs+O0ZX7rRyvkh0EVgDRrjXpgKglVqaog5S9AbRMMRLLQ0P8Sqh6lqsmM3hdYZBVhEueTSYr8BdrBCQglpfijbgGlzLXYX9xy5mom0QAQRBddeLS8Ir24JP/Sr560nx3c/SODUpZFChtuiHD2nhogIosTdHk8JO7nVZc4P0Y158DBskSHbhrP45+SCa1xzmq6ksdQF470n/6aJ6OIEu3jN8hdf7YE0xJ4DIQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACEAAAAXCAMAAACyGdbtAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAG9QTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADqQAGa2OgAAOjoAOjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZjoAZjo6ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkGY6kLbbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6ttv/tv//25A627Zm2////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bInQMTAAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAAwklEQVQ4T91QWRLCMAiFalPXulWN1rSJyf3PKA+mox5B+QgM4S1A9Evx3DPzov+0HKVzotwyb6Wd3GakMHt8LRX4qF/1KMnP5U1LlO8wRBQiotJhwmJouDqgKF2NFKorkldCa1xo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Discharge Time Estimation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as:\r\n​​\r\nwhere:\r\n​ is the current charge in ampere-hours (Ah)\r\nI is the constant discharge current in amperes (A)\r\nT is the estimated time before the battery is fully discharged (in hours)\r\nWrite a function to estimate the remaining discharge time of a battery given its remaining charge and discharge current.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 258.712px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 129.35px; transform-origin: 407px 129.356px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv 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style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 66px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the current charge in ampere-hours (Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI is the constant discharge current in amperes (A)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT is the estimated time before the battery is fully discharged (in hours)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to estimate the remaining discharge time of a battery given its remaining charge and discharge current.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T = estimateDischargeTime(Q_remaining, I)\r\n    % Estimate battery discharge time based on current draw\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Low discharge rate\r\nassert(estimateDischargeTime(100, 2) == 50)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Fast discharge\r\nassert(estimateDischargeTime(20, 10) == 2)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Standard discharge rate\r\nassert(estimateDischargeTime(50, 5) == 10)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":313,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:36:23.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:05:53.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:36:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"35\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"95\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​​\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"66\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the current charge in ampere-hours (Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI is the constant discharge current in amperes (A)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT is the estimated time before the battery is fully discharged (in hours)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to estimate the remaining discharge time of a battery given its remaining charge and discharge current.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFMAAAAZCAMAAAB6r+I4AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAJZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjo6OjpmOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZjoAZjo6ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGY6kJC2kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6ttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625CQ27Zm27aQ29u22/+22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bVhoPZgAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAABa0lEQVRIS+1UTVfCMBBMotaIgFQEKmIKFkrVNjT//885k7Q86slDPPiee9rZXSazH1SIf/sTEzitpVSLqFKtTgpRyVlE0ja9BZvLkjoeaa4MyfKrQzROqykzLmcjV6SM2nvXs9XxdtTrK4PcKNZxtukP115e1g3AhZzQexmWH8kaHLvbqiXXpF63Eldg51KZgJLPuZzypUrL6/EBQcM6g0w9AFzzTst7X8xqOSngHN+ysSlXolEbkc88snpS+AYZK/nc6BDq6AwArjEpXNZvujsn0abcE+PVnfGowWBKlLkMmRxOw2P2Gbw0AMLyN4/9CLmgd3xDWAcp0D3eBARp7hll53ry+pfoDIBgP8x01mg5BR2bY3tGVIDkgzw72r/U4Dyt4SBwhHKfOe4vAaIQ9vT9evphbKV6qP0I2Eqb3hTCreXkAw7WsvQZl6vlAGAic7XYhf95LDuPPRYht7jAMUX8tlEadiIxpV+yLw9rK8Mitl2MAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60802,"title":"Battery Voltage Drop Estimation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (V_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:V_drop=I×R\r\nwhere:\r\nI is the current drawn from the battery (in amperes, A)\r\nR is the internal resistance of the battery (in ohms, Ω)\r\nV_drop​ is the voltage drop across the battery due to the load (in volts, V)\r\nWrite a function to calculate the voltage drop across the battery given the current and internal","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 184.312px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 92.15px; transform-origin: 407px 92.1562px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eV_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eV_drop\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e×\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3125px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 30.65px; transform-origin: 391px 30.6562px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the current drawn from the battery (in amperes, A)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the internal resistance of the battery (in ohms, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eΩ)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eV_drop​\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the voltage drop across the battery due to the load (in volts, V)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to calculate the voltage drop across the battery given the current and internal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function V_drop = calculateVoltageDrop(I, R)\r\n    % Calculate the voltage drop across the battery\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Zero resistance\r\nassert(calculateVoltageDrop(10, 0) == 0)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Small current\r\nassert(calculateVoltageDrop(2, 3) == 6)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Standard load\r\nassert(calculateVoltageDrop(5, 2) == 10)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":309,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:43:05.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:07:01.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:43:05.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV_drop\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e=\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e×\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the current drawn from the battery (in amperes, A)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the internal resistance of the battery (in ohms, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eΩ)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV_drop​\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the voltage drop across the battery due to the load (in volts, V)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to calculate the voltage drop across the battery given the current and internal\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60798,"title":"Battery Life Estimation for a Device","description":"A battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (T) can be calculated using the formula:\r\n​\r\nwhere:\r\nQ is the battery capacity (in ampere-hours, Ah)\r\nI is the device's current consumption (in amperes, A)\r\nT is the estimated battery life (in hours)\r\nWrite a function to estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the device’s current consumption.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 233.113px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 116.55px; transform-origin: 407px 116.556px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eA battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 39.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 19.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 19.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"38\" height=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 38px;height: 34px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAArCAMAAAAJzfvtAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAGBQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OjqQOmaQOma2OpDbZgAAZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkGY6kNv/tmYAtmY6ttv/tv//25A627Zm27aQ2////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bbu16cAAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAA+0lEQVRIS9VUzRqCMAxbEecPKCji0E32/m/pygZ8HJTUmz3tkG5J2kypv63XhSg74fSdzlvVUYF29OU2QH2dP8GOJrsystncsQan+QFBg6WK8TilRMVpUPR4s4kPrVdq6EvcpMEdE61CyoaJ+Vt2RrAR02miQ4vjAzI5i/ew4sewfL6mVN89s5qOwyb1ZaGcrpTbgR7YsCZsmNujm8hLBU8kio7bLiiWMFczmkAfJ2tXZj7dwAe+GQ5SouHrhYR1SnAuRp1wLlKDDUrAJAmcl0PlPAwJAseEDPrrTcMSLyj4iY32iDMtlfBDxoQSlhkD5t4I180QCec2k3gDCwcLPVqo9MUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3125px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 30.65px; transform-origin: 391px 30.6562px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eQ\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the battery capacity (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI is the device's current consumption (in amperes, A)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the estimated battery life (in hours)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the device’s current consumption.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T = estimateBatteryLife(Q, I)\r\n    % Estimate battery life based on capacity and current draw\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"% Test 1: Basic case\r\nassert(estimateBatteryLife(10, 2) == 5)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Large battery capacity\r\nassert(estimateBatteryLife(100, 4) == 25)\r\n\r\n%% Test 3: Low current consumption\r\nassert(estimateBatteryLife(50, 0.5) == 100)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":1,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":366,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:15:23.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T02:15:25.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:15:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"34\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"38\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eQ\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the battery capacity (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI is the device's current consumption (in amperes, A)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the estimated battery life (in hours)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the device’s current consumption.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60807,"title":"Estimating the Range of an Electric Vehicle (EV)","description":"In Electric Vehicles (EVs), the driving range is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:\r\n\r\nwhere: \r\n​ is the total battery capacity (in kilowatt-hours, kWh)\r\n is the efficiency factor of the EV drivetrain (as a decimal, e.g., 0.9 for 90% efficiency)\r\n​ is the vehicle’s energy consumption per kilometer (in kWh/km)\r\nR is the estimated driving range (in kilometers)\r\nWrite a function to estimate the driving range of an EV given the battery capacity, efficiency, and energy consumption per kilometer.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 295.35px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 147.675px; transform-origin: 407px 147.675px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn Electric Vehicles (EVs), the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003edriving range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 45.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"107\" height=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 107px;height: 40px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 96.55px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 48.275px; transform-origin: 391px 48.275px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 13.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 13.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"50\" height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 50px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the total battery capacity (in kilowatt-hours, kWh)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 24.0375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 12.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 12.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"8\" height=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 8px;height: 18px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAXCAMAAAAFpC7KAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAADZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AGa2OgAAOmZmOma2OpDbZgAAZrb/kNv/25A625Bm27Zm2////7Zm/9uQ//+2+qGa5wAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAASElEQVQYV2NgoBHgZ2Tk5GFhZAMZz8vEysXAzcgJZAqwAEkBFnYYU5CDKCYvI1AZWK0AC9BgCBMCsDP5WZj5IPIgDXDFqJ4FAPxwAoZ9UwltAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis the efficiency factor of the EV drivetrain (as a decimal, e.g., 0.9 for 90% efficiency)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 13.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 13.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"78\" height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 78px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the vehicle’s energy consumption per kilometer (in kWh/km)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eR is the estimated driving range (in kilometers)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to estimate the driving range of an EV given the battery capacity, efficiency, and energy consumption per kilometer.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function R = estimateEVRange(E_battery, efficiency, E_consumption)\r\n    % Estimate the driving range of an electric vehicle\r\n    R = (E_battery * efficiency) / E_consumption;\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Higher efficiency EV\r\nassert(estimateEVRange(100, 0.95, 0.2) == 475)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Smaller battery capacity\r\nassert(abs(estimateEVRange(50, 0.85, 0.18) - 236.11) \u003c 0.01)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":383919,"edited_at":"2025-02-14T16:35:39.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":285,"test_suite_updated_at":"2025-02-14T16:35:39.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T16:15:18.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T20:07:20.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T16:15:18.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn Electric Vehicles (EVs), the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003edriving range\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"40\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"107\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"50\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the total battery capacity (in kilowatt-hours, kWh)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"8\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis the efficiency factor of the EV drivetrain (as a decimal, e.g., 0.9 for 90% efficiency)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"78\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId4\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the vehicle’s energy consumption per kilometer (in kWh/km)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR is the estimated driving range (in kilometers)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to estimate the driving range of an EV given the battery capacity, efficiency, and energy consumption per kilometer.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId3\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId4\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAXCAMAAAAFpC7KAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAADZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AGa2OgAAOmZmOma2OpDbZgAAZrb/kNv/25A625Bm27Zm2////7Zm/9uQ//+2+qGa5wAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAASElEQVQYV2NgoBHgZ2Tk5GFhZAMZz8vEysXAzcgJZAqwAEkBFnYYU5CDKCYvI1AZWK0AC9BgCBMCsDP5WZj5IPIgDXDFqJ4FAPxwAoZ9UwltAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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Battery Lifetime Based on Load Profile and Depth of Discharge (DoD)","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the Depth of Discharge (DoD), load profile, and the battery's cycle life. The cycle life of a battery is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity falls below a certain percentage of its original capacity (e.g., 80%).\r\nThe lifetime of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:\r\n\r\nWhere:\r\n​ is the battery lifetime in years (assuming one full charge-discharge cycle per day)\r\n is the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity drops below 80%\r\nDoD is the Depth of Discharge (in percentage, e.g., 80%)\r\nIn this problem, you are given: \r\nThe cycle life of the battery\r\nThe DoD     for the battery (how much percentage of the battery’s total capacity is being used)\r\nThe load profile (which indicates how often the battery is being charged and discharged during a day)\r\nYou are asked to compute the battery lifetime using the given data and assumptions.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 538.625px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 269.312px; transform-origin: 407px 269.312px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eBattery Management System (BMS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDepth of Discharge (DoD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, load profile, and the battery's \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ecycle life\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ecycle life\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e of a battery is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity falls below a certain percentage of its original capacity (e.g., 80%).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe lifetime of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 71.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 35.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 35.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"155\" height=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 155px;height: 66px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 13.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 13.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 13.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 13.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"54\" height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 54px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the battery lifetime in years (assuming one full charge-discharge cycle per day)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 24.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 12.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 12.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 12.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 12.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"67\" height=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 67px;height: 18px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity drops below 80%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eDoD is the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDepth of Discharge\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (in percentage, e.g., 80%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn this problem, you are given:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ecycle life\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e of the battery\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDoD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e     for the battery (how much percentage of the battery’s total capacity is being used)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eload profile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (which indicates how often the battery is being charged and discharged during a day)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eYou are asked to compute the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ebattery lifetime\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e using the given data and assumptions.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T_lifetime = estimateBatteryLifetime(cycleLife, DoD, dailyCycles)\r\n    % Calculate the battery lifetime based on the given parameters\r\n    T_lifetime = (cycleLife / (1 + (DoD / 100))) / dailyCycles;\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Lower DoD (gentler discharge)\r\n% For cycle life = 1500, DoD = 50%, daily cycles = 1\r\n% Expected result: 1500 / (1 + 0.50) = 1000 cycles; lifetime = 1000 / 1 = 1000 years\r\nassert(abs(estimateBatteryLifetime(1500, 50, 1) - 1000) \u003c 0.01)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Higher DoD (faster discharge)\r\n% For cycle life = 800, DoD = 90%, daily cycles = 1\r\n% Expected result: 800 / (1 + 0.90) = 421.05 cycles; lifetime = 421.05 / 1 = 421.05 years\r\nassert(abs(estimateBatteryLifetime(800, 90, 1) - 421.05) \u003c 0.01)\r\n\r\n%% Test 3: Considering multiple daily cycles (e.g., high-use scenario)\r\n% For cycle life = 1000, DoD = 70%, daily cycles = 2\r\n% Expected result: 1000 / (1 + 0.70) = 588.24 cycles; lifetime = 588.24 / 2 = 294.12 years\r\nassert(abs(estimateBatteryLifetime(1000, 70, 2) - 294.12) \u003c 0.01)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":273,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T17:01:53.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T20:07:47.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T17:01:53.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBattery Management System (BMS)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDepth of Discharge (DoD)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, load profile, and the battery's \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecycle life\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. The \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecycle life\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e of a battery is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity falls below a certain percentage of its original capacity (e.g., 80%).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe lifetime of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"66\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"155\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"54\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the battery lifetime in years (assuming one full charge-discharge cycle per day)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"67\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity drops below 80%\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDoD is the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDepth of Discharge\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (in percentage, e.g., 80%)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn this problem, you are given:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecycle life\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e of the battery\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDoD\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e     for the battery (how much percentage of the battery’s total capacity is being used)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eload profile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (which indicates how often the battery is being charged and discharged during a day)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou are asked to compute the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebattery lifetime\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e using the given data and assumptions.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId3\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFQAAAAXCAMAAACieZgxAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAJZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGaQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgBmZjoAZmZmZmaQZpC2ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDpmkGY6kGaQkNv/tmYAtmY6tmZmtpA6ttvbttv/tv//25A625Bm27Zm27aQ2////7Zm/9uQ/9u2/9vb//+2///bS8zfHgAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAABrUlEQVRIS+1UbVPCMAxupu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Charge Efficiency Calculation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula:\r\n\r\nwhere: \r\n is the energy stored in the battery during charging (in watt-hours, Wh)\r\n​ is the total energy supplied to the battery (in watt-hours, Wh)\r\nEfficiency is expressed as a percentage (%)\r\nWrite a function to calculate the charging efficiency of a battery given the stored energy and input energy.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 269.312px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 134.65px; transform-origin: 407px 134.656px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv 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src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the total energy supplied to the battery (in watt-hours, Wh)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEfficiency is expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to calculate the charging efficiency of a battery given the stored energy and input energy.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function efficiency = calculateEfficiency(E_charge, E_input)\r\n    % Calculate charging efficiency of the battery\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 3: Perfect efficiency\r\nassert(calculateEfficiency(100, 100) == 100)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Zero stored energy (inefficient charging)\r\nassert(calculateEfficiency(0, 50) == 0)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Basic efficiency calculation\r\nassert(calculateEfficiency(80, 100) == 80)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":316,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:49:50.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:08:27.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:49:50.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the 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State of Health (SoH) Calculation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is calculated by comparing the current capacity of the battery with its original capacity. The formula to calculate the State of Health is:\r\n\r\nwhere: \r\n is the current capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\r\n​ is the original capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\r\n is expressed as a percentage (%)\r\nWrite a function to compute the battery's State of Health based on its current and original capacity.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 311.913px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 155.95px; transform-origin: 407px 155.956px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is calculated by comparing the current capacity of the battery with its original capacity. The formula to calculate the State of Health is:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.4px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.4px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"137\" height=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 137px;height: 39px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKsAAAAxCAMAAACSy6kOAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAALdQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjoAOjo6OjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZjo6ZjqQZmY6ZmaQZma2ZpC2ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGY6kJC2kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6tpBmttuQttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625Bm25CQ27Zm27aQ29u22/+22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bliZ00AAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAADrElEQVRoQ+1ZiXKbMBBFNL6SOE7r1unlQNwEcBvHNHZqMPz/d3XfrgDTyWFMIsZTayZGAh1Pe2n1YlmHcpBAPQmsJ12lji7rTWJmdNxtz6yFcsysVmuVZNheWVbyaV5rFjODfdszs1D9VZJhp/4khmaI9sJQRRj+u30wVIaauvCs/Si7Yo2asHKxAf9DNdGmbsUB1aZ/onekxlY65bi1HCnlpC7Vk48ePW8C1dEPy4pHysZLL1DtVTJUSjWA9jcO2AEZbWRfp1fe8tZ1rPh4fn/r9r3Q0Q98JOFziz6iw6tIasdJUsKIghMsJGtMhtyWB3S+6JHAqRWRN+KvwZKJiryGrVHDkUdMwu9f00uybth2Vfsu7Wt9QRbUn22+i+iNQ5LY0rJiElsIGJ00UM79HLKlIo/42LMW5yu0SP73d66z/va0ZJcXcmynE6XOGFNRw77f00T/hPVQIc+Lu53t9BUoewxwqnXj2+Rj7DuZw9NHWgGt1LcvrUC1njTY9UgJEMTDtYt6UaPXPjQVn5VBCXbTh2g8mGmhRYguvHxRK58+ixORD22G1Reaz6M0Vg7dnBsVNciV1S3QrnXinAyhxV0PppI3vNgoq1SwyspIj4saJkpGiiyfrZMASp4H30LJT0Nfv1AU1V9cvUqH4Pufzw+T4mKxiRU4BWsuNXI0Di4b0pYRcfeZy0kOfueKbGn5pYeIlpUXsMJ/SaJioyxc8Tcj5pr+PD39uhEvyzaAMCfWkGuYq2Kj7HZS1Yh5x29nA+PkERvIdIyYLV4GQAjhUuUf2YYo39AV5THfIk0jXOGnqBHsGYVoSe7IkgN2HZ8vJ1ET6ZAOk+UQoF1rekK+MWCDoYAgR22ocHrgHDd88U/BjKgjhHg6wRQyuM1alfiy130PDNFbqO/AEL2FVE2F31fBbjq5rQP6f2GIoiLbrCOubcc+k4iHpVt1uaWnr3WZ3RZi0W83hkjGZ4RC9VV3G7HBEC26quURgIwaQv6TTrvq9Bwv+QvzQ5ZFPY/6c/O0/QZD5FlBe5VxQsJs+O0ZX7rRyvkh0EVgDRrjXpgKglVqaog5S9AbRMMRLLQ0P8Sqh6lqsmM3hdYZBVhEueTSYr8BdrBCQglpfijbgGlzLXYX9xy5mom0QAQRBddeLS8Ir24JP/Sr560nx3c/SODUpZFChtuiHD2nhogIosTdHk8JO7nVZc4P0Y158DBskSHbhrP45+SCa1xzmq6ksdQF470n/6aJ6OIEu3jN8hdf7YE0xJ4DIQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; 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display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the original capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 24.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 12.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 12.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 12.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 12.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 26px;height: 18px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to compute the battery's State of Health based on its current and original capacity.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function SoH = calculateStateOfHealth(C_current, C_original)\r\n    % Calculate State of Health of the battery\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: New battery (100% of original capacity)\r\nassert(calculateStateOfHealth(100, 100) == 100)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Battery with lower capacity\r\nassert(calculateStateOfHealth(50, 100) == 50)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Battery with 75% of original capacity\r\nassert(calculateStateOfHealth(75, 100) == 75)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":296,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T11:00:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:58:07.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T11:00:54.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is calculated by comparing the current capacity of the battery with its original capacity. The formula to calculate the State of Health is:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"39\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"137\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"50\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis the current capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"53\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the original capacity of the battery (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"26\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId4\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis expressed as a percentage (%)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to compute the battery's State of Health based on its current and original capacity.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId3\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId4\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKsAAAAxCAMAAACSy6kOAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAALdQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjoAOjo6OjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZjo6ZjqQZmY6ZmaQZma2ZpC2ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGY6kJC2kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6tpBmttuQttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625Bm25CQ27Zm27aQ29u22/+22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bliZ00AAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAADrElEQVRoQ+1ZiXKbMBBFNL6SOE7r1unlQNwEcBvHNHZqMPz/d3XfrgDTyWFMIsZTayZGAh1Pe2n1YlmHcpBAPQmsJ12lji7rTWJmdNxtz6yFcsysVmuVZNheWVbyaV5rFjODfdszs1D9VZJhp/4khmaI9sJQRRj+u30wVIaauvCs/Si7Yo2asHKxAf9DNdGmbsUB1aZ/onekxlY65bi1HCnlpC7Vk48ePW8C1dEPy4pHysZLL1DtVTJUSjWA9jcO2AEZbWRfp1fe8tZ1rPh4fn/r9r3Q0Q98JOFziz6iw6tIasdJUsKIghMsJGtMhtyWB3S+6JHAqRWRN+KvwZKJiryGrVHDkUdMwu9f00uybth2Vfsu7Wt9QRbUn22+i+iNQ5LY0rJiElsIGJ00UM79HLKlIo/42LMW5yu0SP73d66z/va0ZJcXcmynE6XOGFNRw77f00T/hPVQIc+Lu53t9BUoewxwqnXj2+Rj7DuZw9NHWgGt1LcvrUC1njTY9UgJEMTDtYt6UaPXPjQVn5VBCXbTh2g8mGmhRYguvHxRK58+ixORD22G1Reaz6M0Vg7dnBsVNciV1S3QrnXinAyhxV0PppI3vNgoq1SwyspIj4saJkpGiiyfrZMASp4H30LJT0Nfv1AU1V9cvUqH4Pufzw+T4mKxiRU4BWsuNXI0Di4b0pYRcfeZy0kOfueKbGn5pYeIlpUXsMJ/SaJioyxc8Tcj5pr+PD39uhEvyzaAMCfWkGuYq2Kj7HZS1Yh5x29nA+PkERvIdIyYLV4GQAjhUuUf2YYo39AV5THfIk0jXOGnqBHsGYVoSe7IkgN2HZ8vJ1ET6ZAOk+UQoF1rekK+MWCDoYAgR22ocHrgHDd88U/BjKgjhHg6wRQyuM1alfiy130PDNFbqO/AEL2FVE2F31fBbjq5rQP6f2GIoiLbrCOubcc+k4iHpVt1uaWnr3WZ3RZi0W83hkjGZ4RC9VV3G7HBEC26quURgIwaQv6TTrvq9Bwv+QvzQ5ZFPY/6c/O0/QZD5FlBe5VxQsJs+O0ZX7rRyvkh0EVgDRrjXpgKglVqaog5S9AbRMMRLLQ0P8Sqh6lqsmM3hdYZBVhEueTSYr8BdrBCQglpfijbgGlzLXYX9xy5mom0QAQRBddeLS8Ir24JP/Sr560nx3c/SODUpZFChtuiHD2nhogIosTdHk8JO7nVZc4P0Y158DBskSHbhrP45+SCa1xzmq6ksdQF470n/6aJ6OIEu3jN8hdf7YE0xJ4DIQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEIAAAAZCAMAAACywwjuAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAJZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjo6OjpmOmaQOma2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZjo6ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkGY6kJC2kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6ttuQttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625Bm25CQ27Zm27aQ29u22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///biH8+SAAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAABRklEQVQ4T+2Ta1eDMAyG2zpuc1O8bIDagiK46cro//9z5g1TNj3HnYF+M19ImvYhedMK8W+/rcA2C6WcLEdgm9AvxVomwxFt7G+EaK+r4Qij9PDDfLKNg5EEYceI0P3cnI0QgQkuhZgDzUqI8AOiPoAfRrt/msu+kc4/1VzKl8nKhXAFD3YdSk9TXeohlwF9sOaKUJ5fYJEzOpeojXZOZtXnZXrB7Z7TuqVdub9ZPaUzXSeimUJn45cupRIRcQaOVfeiJhnsFx3bmKpCx+xQHlI1kRbtFZXDETJ0jOtH68DsG3YL07NZHiAtxs4RPHI+uDspekgTJaJG/x2b8qsKiNdbwuyigJ3HSG+z6fMdlUdb9o1E8Uqc5emQdvT82xu1KAjJETLOqKXL5Pwt9kgkdfx510T7Vu5Jo3cpBj7uBVgaOJr7Y3sHgzgg0O76gtwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACEAAAAXCAMAAACyGdbtAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAG9QTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADqQAGa2OgAAOjoAOjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZjoAZjo6ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkGY6kLbbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6ttv/tv//25A627Zm2////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bInQMTAAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAAwklEQVQ4T91QWRLCMAiFalPXulWN1rSJyf3PKA+mox5B+QgM4S1A9Evx3DPzov+0HKVzotwyb6Wd3GakMHt8LRX4qF/1KMnP5U1LlO8wRBQiotJhwmJouDqgKF2NFKorkldCa1xo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Discharge Time Estimation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as:\r\n​​\r\nwhere:\r\n​ is the current charge in ampere-hours (Ah)\r\nI is the constant discharge current in amperes (A)\r\nT is the estimated time before the battery is fully discharged (in hours)\r\nWrite a function to estimate the remaining discharge time of a battery given its remaining charge and discharge current.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 258.712px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 129.35px; transform-origin: 407px 129.356px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 40.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 20.4px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 20.4px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"95\" height=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 95px;height: 35px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAHcAAAAsCAMAAABorteMAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAJlQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OgBmOjo6OjpmOjqQOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZjoAZjo6ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGY6kJC2kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6ttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625CQ27Zm27aQ29u22/+22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bZF4HfQAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAACBUlEQVRYR+1X21LCMBDNRsWKCFIRqKgtWAiotDT//3GeTVq0jsNlRrYv7FM2SXN2z55cqtTZzgwotZkQ6aE4E3nQStWK+sLARXgNRBu11rLAiY4ZMLlYiOLmAacrj5vRmGHFeS75zQNZXVV5Gp+2mJW4RXignM3PeTXnyJA9z8aLWtAyHBh2qkcsLf06Jag7H5COvdf6HFCPo1kFdNlZoDPmeTFG1jWHpTkL6NZNPsiwInVTTF2+RZ3YjFWmX1TSd14edFNHJvcZDqm98PO4UXOwE1upjY5RZ7mVVBGytvjb1U3svAxFMFjKRhhJ0Mh4s7sRRFNzVM7fPBxTLhbVO+4FXgspIf/Oi/eQon3CUts1GdtFw42ao5gXHnGhU2m7N0kWUA+QTCRTGasVXMZEmnl7/rwG7maCBjqWYMCNLOc/HfQi+Eev9iLsI3x8Cwr2W1WcKen7taObaSvCq1TZCXU/0ICURm7EJnpUcwA20MOZP3O5ALxD8rvT3zVbGZQJJgceCPv52DnDRkNspO87zd+uAgaNECpSGZf325JKZzgYThtLtgdgG8j/NVxC0s+IkkUb1corxrP0dV6JRvo6L3EzqEX2HXHaXSK2emPEGcKLpAEzwr8T23NA5nr5zSjf5E1Y9QSTxm6ovHijnv7F8geXTZW3/nqQK3LSzClviJo5No5j9gtk+jaXnRupFwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​​\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 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data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the current charge in ampere-hours (Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI is the constant discharge current in amperes (A)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT is the estimated time before the battery is fully discharged (in hours)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to estimate the remaining discharge time of a battery given its remaining charge and discharge current.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T = estimateDischargeTime(Q_remaining, I)\r\n    % Estimate battery discharge time based on current draw\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Low discharge rate\r\nassert(estimateDischargeTime(100, 2) == 50)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Fast discharge\r\nassert(estimateDischargeTime(20, 10) == 2)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Standard discharge rate\r\nassert(estimateDischargeTime(50, 5) == 10)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":313,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:36:23.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:05:53.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:36:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"35\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"95\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​​\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"66\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the current charge in ampere-hours (Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI is the constant discharge current in amperes (A)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT is the estimated time before the battery is fully discharged (in hours)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to estimate the remaining discharge time of a battery given its remaining charge and discharge current.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60802,"title":"Battery Voltage Drop Estimation","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (V_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:V_drop=I×R\r\nwhere:\r\nI is the current drawn from the battery (in amperes, A)\r\nR is the internal resistance of the battery (in ohms, Ω)\r\nV_drop​ is the voltage drop across the battery due to the load (in volts, V)\r\nWrite a function to calculate the voltage drop across the battery given the current and internal","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 184.312px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 92.15px; transform-origin: 407px 92.1562px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eV_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eV_drop\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e×\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3125px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 30.65px; transform-origin: 391px 30.6562px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the current drawn from the battery (in amperes, A)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the internal resistance of the battery (in ohms, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eΩ)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eV_drop​\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the voltage drop across the battery due to the load (in volts, V)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to calculate the voltage drop across the battery given the current and internal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function V_drop = calculateVoltageDrop(I, R)\r\n    % Calculate the voltage drop across the battery\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Zero resistance\r\nassert(calculateVoltageDrop(10, 0) == 0)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Small current\r\nassert(calculateVoltageDrop(2, 3) == 6)\r\n\r\n% Test 3: Standard load\r\nassert(calculateVoltageDrop(5, 2) == 10)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":309,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:43:05.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T19:07:01.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:43:05.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV_drop\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e=\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e×\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the current drawn from the battery (in amperes, A)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the internal resistance of the battery (in ohms, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eΩ)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV_drop​\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the voltage drop across the battery due to the load (in volts, V)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to calculate the voltage drop across the battery given the current and internal\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60798,"title":"Battery Life Estimation for a Device","description":"A battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (T) can be calculated using the formula:\r\n​\r\nwhere:\r\nQ is the battery capacity (in ampere-hours, Ah)\r\nI is the device's current consumption (in amperes, A)\r\nT is the estimated battery life (in hours)\r\nWrite a function to estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the device’s current consumption.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 233.113px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 116.55px; transform-origin: 407px 116.556px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eA battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 39.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 19.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 19.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"38\" height=\"34\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 38px;height: 34px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 61.3125px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 30.65px; transform-origin: 391px 30.6562px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eQ\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the battery capacity (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eI is the device's current consumption (in amperes, A)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the estimated battery life (in hours)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the device’s current consumption.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T = estimateBatteryLife(Q, I)\r\n    % Estimate battery life based on capacity and current draw\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"% Test 1: Basic case\r\nassert(estimateBatteryLife(10, 2) == 5)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Large battery capacity\r\nassert(estimateBatteryLife(100, 4) == 25)\r\n\r\n%% Test 3: Low current consumption\r\nassert(estimateBatteryLife(50, 0.5) == 100)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":1,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":366,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T10:15:23.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T02:15:25.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T10:15:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"34\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"38\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eQ\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the battery capacity (in ampere-hours, Ah)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI is the device's current consumption (in amperes, A)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the estimated battery life (in hours)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to estimate how long a battery will last given its capacity and the device’s current consumption.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60807,"title":"Estimating the Range of an Electric Vehicle (EV)","description":"In Electric Vehicles (EVs), the driving range is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:\r\n\r\nwhere: \r\n​ is the total battery capacity (in kilowatt-hours, kWh)\r\n is the efficiency factor of the EV drivetrain (as a decimal, e.g., 0.9 for 90% efficiency)\r\n​ is the vehicle’s energy consumption per kilometer (in kWh/km)\r\nR is the estimated driving range (in kilometers)\r\nWrite a function to estimate the driving range of an EV given the battery capacity, efficiency, and energy consumption per kilometer.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 295.35px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 147.675px; transform-origin: 407px 147.675px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn Electric Vehicles (EVs), the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003edriving range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 45.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"107\" height=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 107px;height: 40px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 96.55px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 48.275px; transform-origin: 391px 48.275px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 13.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 13.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"50\" height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 50px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the total battery capacity (in kilowatt-hours, kWh)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 24.0375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 12.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 12.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"8\" height=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 8px;height: 18px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAXCAMAAAAFpC7KAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAADZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AGa2OgAAOmZmOma2OpDbZgAAZrb/kNv/25A625Bm27Zm2////7Zm/9uQ//+2+qGa5wAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAASElEQVQYV2NgoBHgZ2Tk5GFhZAMZz8vEysXAzcgJZAqwAEkBFnYYU5CDKCYvI1AZWK0AC9BgCBMCsDP5WZj5IPIgDXDFqJ4FAPxwAoZ9UwltAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis the efficiency factor of the EV drivetrain (as a decimal, e.g., 0.9 for 90% efficiency)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 13.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 13.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"78\" height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 78px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the vehicle’s energy consumption per kilometer (in kWh/km)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eR is the estimated driving range (in kilometers)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to estimate the driving range of an EV given the battery capacity, efficiency, and energy consumption per kilometer.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function R = estimateEVRange(E_battery, efficiency, E_consumption)\r\n    % Estimate the driving range of an electric vehicle\r\n    R = (E_battery * efficiency) / E_consumption;\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Higher efficiency EV\r\nassert(estimateEVRange(100, 0.95, 0.2) == 475)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Smaller battery capacity\r\nassert(abs(estimateEVRange(50, 0.85, 0.18) - 236.11) \u003c 0.01)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":383919,"edited_at":"2025-02-14T16:35:39.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":285,"test_suite_updated_at":"2025-02-14T16:35:39.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T16:15:18.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T20:07:20.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T16:15:18.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn Electric Vehicles (EVs), the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003edriving range\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The range (R) can be calculated using the formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"40\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"107\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"50\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the total battery capacity (in kilowatt-hours, kWh)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"8\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis the efficiency factor of the EV drivetrain (as a decimal, e.g., 0.9 for 90% efficiency)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"78\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId4\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the vehicle’s energy consumption per kilometer (in kWh/km)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR is the estimated driving range (in kilometers)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to estimate the driving range of an EV given the battery capacity, efficiency, and energy consumption per kilometer.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId3\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId4\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image2.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image3.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAXCAMAAAAFpC7KAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAADZQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AGa2OgAAOmZmOma2OpDbZgAAZrb/kNv/25A625Bm27Zm2////7Zm/9uQ//+2+qGa5wAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAEnQAABJ0Ad5mH3gAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAASElEQVQYV2NgoBHgZ2Tk5GFhZAMZz8vEysXAzcgJZAqwAEkBFnYYU5CDKCYvI1AZWK0AC9BgCBMCsDP5WZj5IPIgDXDFqJ4FAPxwAoZ9UwltAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"relationship\":null},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image4.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"data:image/png;base64,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Battery Lifetime Based on Load Profile and Depth of Discharge (DoD)","description":"In a Battery Management System (BMS), the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the Depth of Discharge (DoD), load profile, and the battery's cycle life. The cycle life of a battery is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity falls below a certain percentage of its original capacity (e.g., 80%).\r\nThe lifetime of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:\r\n\r\nWhere:\r\n​ is the battery lifetime in years (assuming one full charge-discharge cycle per day)\r\n is the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity drops below 80%\r\nDoD is the Depth of Discharge (in percentage, e.g., 80%)\r\nIn this problem, you are given: \r\nThe cycle life of the battery\r\nThe DoD     for the battery (how much percentage of the battery’s total capacity is being used)\r\nThe load profile (which indicates how often the battery is being charged and discharged during a day)\r\nYou are asked to compute the battery lifetime using the given data and assumptions.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 538.625px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 269.312px; transform-origin: 407px 269.312px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn a \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eBattery Management System (BMS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDepth of Discharge (DoD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, load profile, and the battery's \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ecycle life\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ecycle life\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e of a battery is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity falls below a certain percentage of its original capacity (e.g., 80%).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe lifetime of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 71.8px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 35.9px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 35.9px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"155\" height=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 155px;height: 66px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWhere:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 26.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 13.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 13.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 13.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 13.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"54\" height=\"20\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 54px;height: 20px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e​ is the battery lifetime in years (assuming one full charge-discharge cycle per day)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 24.0375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 12.0125px; transform-origin: 391px 12.0188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 12.0125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 12.0188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"67\" height=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 67px;height: 18px\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eis the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity drops below 80%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eDoD is the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDepth of Discharge\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (in percentage, e.g., 80%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn this problem, you are given:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ecycle life\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e of the battery\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDoD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e     for the battery (how much percentage of the battery’s total capacity is being used)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 20.4375px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 10.2125px; transform-origin: 391px 10.2188px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2125px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2188px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eload profile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (which indicates how often the battery is being charged and discharged during a day)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eYou are asked to compute the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ebattery lifetime\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e using the given data and assumptions.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T_lifetime = estimateBatteryLifetime(cycleLife, DoD, dailyCycles)\r\n    % Calculate the battery lifetime based on the given parameters\r\n    T_lifetime = (cycleLife / (1 + (DoD / 100))) / dailyCycles;\r\nend\r\n","test_suite":"%% Test 1: Lower DoD (gentler discharge)\r\n% For cycle life = 1500, DoD = 50%, daily cycles = 1\r\n% Expected result: 1500 / (1 + 0.50) = 1000 cycles; lifetime = 1000 / 1 = 1000 years\r\nassert(abs(estimateBatteryLifetime(1500, 50, 1) - 1000) \u003c 0.01)\r\n\r\n%% Test 2: Higher DoD (faster discharge)\r\n% For cycle life = 800, DoD = 90%, daily cycles = 1\r\n% Expected result: 800 / (1 + 0.90) = 421.05 cycles; lifetime = 421.05 / 1 = 421.05 years\r\nassert(abs(estimateBatteryLifetime(800, 90, 1) - 421.05) \u003c 0.01)\r\n\r\n%% Test 3: Considering multiple daily cycles (e.g., high-use scenario)\r\n% For cycle life = 1000, DoD = 70%, daily cycles = 2\r\n% Expected result: 1000 / (1 + 0.70) = 588.24 cycles; lifetime = 588.24 / 2 = 294.12 years\r\nassert(abs(estimateBatteryLifetime(1000, 70, 2) - 294.12) \u003c 0.01)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":383919,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":273,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-02-14T17:01:53.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-01T20:07:47.000Z","published_at":"2025-02-14T17:01:53.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn a \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBattery Management System (BMS)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDepth of Discharge (DoD)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, load profile, and the battery's \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecycle life\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. The \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecycle life\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e of a battery is the number of complete charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity falls below a certain percentage of its original capacity (e.g., 80%).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe lifetime of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"66\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"155\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWhere:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"20\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"54\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e​ is the battery lifetime in years (assuming one full charge-discharge cycle per day)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"18\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"67\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId3\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eis the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery can undergo before its capacity drops below 80%\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDoD is the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDepth of Discharge\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (in percentage, e.g., 80%)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn this problem, you are given:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecycle life\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e of the battery\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDoD\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e     for the battery (how much percentage of the battery’s total capacity is being used)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eload profile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (which indicates how often the battery is being charged and discharged during a day)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou are asked to compute the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebattery lifetime\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e using the given data and 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