This example shows how to solve for the heat distribution in a block with cavity.
Consider a block containing a rectangular crack or cavity. The left side of the block is heated to 100 degrees centigrade. At the right side of the block, heat flows from the block to the surrounding air at a constant rate, for example . All the other boundaries are insulated. The temperature in the block at the starting time is 0 degrees. The goal is to model the heat distribution during the first five seconds.
The first step in solving a heat transfer problem is to create a thermal analysis model. This is a container that holds the geometry, thermal material properties, internal heat sources, temperature on the boundaries, heat fluxes through the boundaries, mesh, and initial conditions.
thermalmodel = createpde('thermal','transient');
Add the block geometry to the thermal model by using the geometryFromEdges
function. The geometry description file for this problem is called crackg.m
.
geometryFromEdges(thermalmodel,@crackg);
Plot the geometry, displaying edge labels.
pdegplot(thermalmodel,'EdgeLabels','on') ylim([-1,1]) axis equal
Specify the thermal conductivity, mass density, and specific heat of the material.
thermalProperties(thermalmodel,'ThermalConductivity',1,... 'MassDensity',1,... 'SpecificHeat',1);
Specify the temperature on the left edge as 20
, and constant heat flow to the exterior through the right edge as -10
. The toolbox uses the default insulating boundary condition for all other boundaries.
thermalBC(thermalmodel,'Edge',6,'Temperature',20); thermalBC(thermalmodel,'Edge',1,'HeatFlux',-10);
Set an initial value of 0
for the temperature.
thermalIC(thermalmodel,0);
Create and plot a mesh.
generateMesh(thermalmodel);
figure
pdemesh(thermalmodel)
title('Mesh with Quadratic Triangular Elements')
Set solution times to be 0 to 5 seconds in steps of 1/2.
tlist = 0:0.5:5;
Use the solve
function to calculate the solution.
thermalresults = solve(thermalmodel,tlist)
thermalresults = TransientThermalResults with properties: Temperature: [1320x11 double] SolutionTimes: [0 0.5000 1 1.5000 2 2.5000 3 3.5000 4 4.5000 5] XGradients: [1320x11 double] YGradients: [1320x11 double] ZGradients: [] Mesh: [1x1 FEMesh]
Compute the heat flux density.
[qx,qy] = evaluateHeatFlux(thermalresults);
Plot the solution at the final time step, t = 5.0 seconds, with isothermal lines using a contour plot, and plot the heat flux vector field using arrows.
pdeplot(thermalmodel,'XYData',thermalresults.Temperature(:,end), ... 'Contour','on',... 'FlowData',[qx(:,end),qy(:,end)], ... 'ColorMap','hot')