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Learning Vector Quantization

An LVQ network is trained to classify input vectors according to given targets.

Let X be 10 2-element example input vectors and C be the classes these vectors fall into. These classes can be transformed into vectors to be used as targets, T, with IND2VEC.

x = [-3 -2 -2  0  0  0  0 +2 +2 +3;
      0 +1 -1 +2 +1 -1 -2 +1 -1  0];
c = [1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1];
t = ind2vec(c);

Here the data points are plotted. Red = class 1, Cyan = class 2. The LVQ network represents clusters of vectors with hidden neurons, and groups the clusters with output neurons to form the desired classes.

colormap(hsv);
plotvec(x,c)
title('Input Vectors');
xlabel('x(1)');
ylabel('x(2)');

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Input Vectors, xlabel x(1), ylabel x(2) contains 10 objects of type line. One or more of the lines displays its values using only markers

Here LVQNET creates an LVQ layer with four hidden neurons and a learning rate of 0.1. The network is then configured for inputs X and targets T. (Configuration normally an unnecessary step as it is done automatically by TRAIN.)

net = lvqnet(4,0.1);
net = configure(net,x,t);

The competitive neuron weight vectors are plotted as follows.

hold on
w1 = net.IW{1};
plot(w1(1,1),w1(1,2),'ow')
title('Input/Weight Vectors');
xlabel('x(1), w(1)');
ylabel('x(2), w(2)');

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Input/Weight Vectors, xlabel x(1), w(1), ylabel x(2), w(2) contains 11 objects of type line. One or more of the lines displays its values using only markers

To train the network, first override the default number of epochs, and then train the network. When it is finished, replot the input vectors '+' and the competitive neurons' weight vectors 'o'. Red = class 1, Cyan = class 2.

net.trainParam.epochs=150;
net=train(net,x,t);

Figure Neural Network Training (20-Jul-2024 16:59:39) contains an object of type uigridlayout.

cla;
plotvec(x,c);
hold on;
plotvec(net.IW{1}',vec2ind(net.LW{2}),'o');

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Input/Weight Vectors, xlabel x(1), w(1), ylabel x(2), w(2) contains 14 objects of type line. One or more of the lines displays its values using only markers

Now use the LVQ network as a classifier, where each neuron corresponds to a different category. Present the input vector [0.2; 1]. Red = class 1, Cyan = class 2.

x1 = [0.2; 1];
y1 = vec2ind(net(x1))
y1 = 
2